At the left is an energy diagram thatshows the energy changes for theexample of glucose (C6H1206) beingconverted to CO2 + H2O. One curve isthe reaction with enzymes, while theother is without enzymes. For thesereactions, the "X" indicates:Glucose+ 60ga)b)free energy of glucosefree energy of activation withoutenzymesfree energy of CO2 + H2Ofree energy releasedfree energy of activation withd)e)Progrem af reactionenzymesFrec energy, G

Enzymes are biocatalyst that increases the speed of reaction by lowering the activation energy. It…

Answered: other is without enzymes. For these…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A 75 kg person doing light work requires about 3000 kcal of food energy perday, 40% of which is actually used by the body’s cells. (The other 60% is lostas heat and in waste products.) Before being used by the cells, effectively allof this energy is stored in ATP, which is then cleaved into ADP and PO3−2 , with the release of 12.5 kcal per mole of ATP.(a) How many moles of ATP are turned over per day in this fashion? Whatmass of ATP does this correspond to? (The molecular weight of ATP is507 g/mol.)(b) The body actually contains approximately 5 g ATP. Estimate the averagerecycle time for an ATP molecule. You see that it is much more efficientto reuse ADP rather than to synthesize it de novo (from scratch).
= Cellular Respiration Glucose (Cs) 2 G3P (Cs) 2 U Cs) 2 GTP- GDP (Cs) 2 acetyl CoA (___Cs) 1½/202 iii H₂O iv 2 Fill out the diagram as indicated by instructions below. Label processes g. A, B, and C. h. Some reactions are labeled with numbers in blue ovals. (Some of these are "collected" reactions, i.e. they stand for all reactions of the same type that occur in the same part of the pathway.) Among these reactions, write in reactants and products for all reactions that involve ATP and ADP. i. Reactions 6 and 8 involve FADH₂. Write in reactants and products for these reactions. j. Among the reactions labeled with numbers in blue ovals, write in reactants and products for all reactions that involve NAD+ and NADH. k. Below, write in the molecules that correspond to each of the following labels (iv is a molecule moving through the protein, indicated with an arrow): i: ii: iii: iv: 1. The blank in front of molecule (i) that you identified above is to indicate how many copies of this…
The AG of the reaction C6H12O6 + 60₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P₁ --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
The conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is an endergonic reaction (eql below). The second equation below is an exergonic reaction that can occur in all cells. Considering this information, how can the reaction in equation 3 proceed? EQ1: Glucose + Pj --> glucose 6-phosphate EQ2: ATP + H20 --> ADP + Pj EQ3: Glucose + ATP --> glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Select one: a. The energy required to make Eq3 spontaneous is provided by the enzyme catalyzing the reaction b. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy consumed in equation 2 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. c. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG positive and the reaction spontaneous. d. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. e. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy…
Enzymes Calculate the AG between glucose and ATP catalyzed by hexokinase: glucose + ATP glucose-6-phosphate + ADP Is the reaction spontaneous? Given data: Glucose-6-phosphate + H,O glucose + P, AG' = -3138 cal/mole ATP+H,O=ADP + P: AG'= -7700 cal/mole
Two biochemistry students are about to usemitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on oxidative phosphorylation. The directions for the experiment specifyaddition of purified cytochrome c from any source to the reactionmixture. Why is the added cytochrome c needed? Why does thesource not have to be the same as that of the mitochondria?
Convert the following reactions into "Metabolic Engineering" notation: C6H1206 + 2 H20 → 2 C2H60 + 2 HCO3 + 2 H* b. ATP + glucose > glucose-6-phosphate + ADP 3.
Given the conditions below A (Enz A)→ B-(Enz B) C (Enz C) D (Enz D) →E Enzyme Reaction Rate @ Q1o Reaction Rate at 20 C 30 C A 1.38 1.68 1.44 2.78 C 1.23 1.84 1.58 1.96 If tissue D exhibits a reaction rate of 1.58 umol CO2 gFW-1 hr-1 at 20 C and has a Q10 of 1.96, what is the reaction rate at 30 C?
How much fat (in grams) would the body have to burn to produce the daily minimum requirement of 40 kg ATP from ADP and phosphate? Assume that: 1. The fat is metabolized completely to water and carbon dioxide. 2. The energy that is released can be used entirely for ATP production. 3. Complete oxidation of 1 g of fat to water and CO2 releases 9 kcal or 37 kJ. 4. The Delta G for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 kJ/mol. You will have to look up one more value online to answer this question, but you do not need to know anything about lipid metabolism. A) approx. 16 to 17 g of fat B) approx. 65 to 66 g of fat C) approx 22 to 23 kg of fat D) approx. 267 to 268 g of fat E) approx. 5 to 6 kg of fat
O2 is a competitive inhibitor of the hydrogenase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion between protons & electrons and H2. The inhibition by O2 is irreversible, permanently destroying the enzymatic activity.(a) Describe the relevant reactions that take place when a hydrogenase catalyzes H2 production in the presence of O2.(b) Derive the rate equation for v as a function of [E], [H+] and [O2], assuming that the electron concentration/delivery is not rate-limiting.
(Part A) Coenzyme-dependent enzymes can catalyze the general transformations shown below. What would be the best coenzymes to use for the two steps in the scheme, and why? в CO2H R SCOA R
10) a) Explain why the electron transport chain (ETC) is important for the energy producing in the cellular metabolism. b) Describe and explain the route followed by electrons from glucose to 02 and ATP synthesis. (think the energenics and chemiosmotic theory) Cytnsol mtochondrial montane intarmentne Iligh ner mtochordrial membane Matrt Law (1 ADPP ATP

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other is without enzymes. For these reactions, the “X' indicates: a) b) free energy of glucose free energy of activation without enzymes free energy of CO2 + H2O free energy released free energy of activation with c) d)