Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 13, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason for the presence of glucose catabolism pathways in bacterial habitats even where glucose is scarce.
Introduction:
Bacteria catabolize organic molecules to obtain energy and also for getting substrates that can be used for biosynthesis. Some catabolic substrates are more often used as compared to others because they need less activation energy or few enzymes to dissociate. There are different classes of catabolic substrates, namely carbohydrates, lipids, peptides, and
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A “pulse-chase” experiment using 14C-labeled carbon sources is carried out on a yeast extract maintained under strictly anaerobic conditions to produce ethanol. The experiment consists of incubating a small amount of14C-labeled substrate (the pulse) with the yeast extract just long enough for each intermediate in the fermentation pathway to become labeled. The label is then “chased” through the pathway by the addition of excess unlabeled glucose. The chase effectively prevents any further entry of labeled glucose into the pathway.(a) If [1-14C]glucose (glucose labeled at C-1 with 14C) is used as a substrate, what is the location of 14C in the product ethanol? Explain.(b) Where would 14C have to be located in the starting glucose to ensure that all the 14C activity is liberated as 14CO2 during fermentation to ethanol? Explain.
List the three different routes to catabolize glucose to Why is it necessary to start by spending one or two molecules of ATP?
Why are glucose catabolism pathways ubiquitous, even in bacterial habitats where glucose is scarce? Give several
Summarize the Krebs TCA cycle; list the substrates, and products.
What is the simplest explanation in the notion that phosphofructokinase is a regulated enzyme?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- About the process of industrial production of ethanol by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mark the correct alternatives: (a) the cells must be cultured in anaerobic conditions to activate the metabolic pathway of ethanol production (b). the presence of oxygen is required to allow regeneration of the NAD+ cofactor (c). good oxygenation of the medium is important to favor the formation of greater amounts of ATP (d).the production of ethanol is always accompanied by the formation of glycerol (e). the sugar present in the culture medium is completely oxidized to CO2 and waterarrow_forwardWhat does the term “oxidative phosphorylation” mean? What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Are these processes the same? Explain.arrow_forwardthis question is about 16 carbon fatty acid A) what are the end procuts of the eight cycles of beta oxidation of a 16 carbon fatty acid? B) assuming 2.5 ATP molecules are produced from one NADH, how many molecules of ATP are produced from the NADH produced during beta oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acidarrow_forward
- When the cells of our body are in dire need to synthesize Ribose 5 phosphate and it has already enough supply of NADPH, reverse non oxidative pathway of the HMP shunt pathway takes place. If the cell has 10 glucose 6 phosphate molecules, how many of these would be converted to Fructose 6 phosphate and how many to form glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate respectively to synthesize maximum number of Ribose 5 phosphate? 8:2 2:8 4:6 6:4arrow_forwardThrough your biotechnology research project at the Tiger One Brewery, you engineered a glucose transporter in a yeast strain in order to increase its rate of fermentation. Your colleague recorded the glucose uptake data shown below from the yeast strain you developed and to your surprise, you found out that your engineered glucose transporter has three- fold more affinity to glucose compared to the wild-type (native/unmodified) glucose transporter. From the figure below, can you predict the Km of the wild-type glucose transporter? Note: The Vmax of the wildtype and engineered transporters are the same in the experimental setup, and the plot below is the data of your engineered glucose transporter and NOT the wildtype (native/unmodified) transporter. Glucose uptake 100.. 50- 25arrow_forwardYou inoculate two test tubes with the same amount of identical growth medium and with the same number of identical yeast cells and grow these cells under identical conditions except for the presence or absence of oxygen. b) The cells of both cultures convert glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis, and then further metabolize pyruvate. Are the cells of both cultures able to obtain the same amount of ATP from glycolysis? Explain. Under anaerobic conditions, the carbon from pyruvate will ultimately be found in which molecule? Under aerobic conditions, the carbon from pyruvate will ultimately be found in which molecule?arrow_forward
- A yeast disaccharidase can hydrolyze sucrose and maltose according to the following table: Use Lineweaver-Burk representation to calculate the respective KMs and maximum speeds for each substrate under the conditions of the experiment. Saccharose(mM) Glucose released (µmol10 min) Maltose (mM) Glucose released (µmol10 min) 5 40 5 48 10 60 10 80 20 80 20 120 50 100 50 172 100 109 100 200arrow_forwardWhat is the substrate that is not produced during the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway? Why?arrow_forwardWhy is gluconeogenesis labeled as enzymatic by-pass reactions?arrow_forward
- Describe how the metabolite fructose-2,6-bisphosphate influences enzymes in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and how it can help global control to supersede local allosteric control within the cell. How is synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate achieved?arrow_forwardThe objective of this problem is to calculate the number of moles of reduced NAD and FAD generated per one mole of glucose consumed by bacteria, growing under aerobic conditions. The consumption of glucose by the bacteria is characterized as follows: for every 1 mole of glucose consumed, 70% is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O, while 30% of the glucose is diverted to anabolic reactions prior to pyruvate undergoing oxidative decarboxylation. For the purposes of this problem, you should assume that all pyruvate coming to the TCA cycle is completely oxidized and none is diverted to anabolic processes at the diversion points of oxaloacetate, alpha-ketoglutarate or succinyl-CoA. Calculate the NADH and FADH generatedarrow_forwardAnaerobic production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with yeast growth. The steady-state growth kinetics of yeast follows Monod. It is intended to produce 10 kg/h of ethanol in an ideal CSRT-type fermenter, fed by a solution of 50 g/L of glucose. Size the fermenter for this purpose (calculate its working volume), setting the biomass concentration at the exit of the fermenter at 6.9 g/L.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education