Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 9PDQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The triplet code with a single change in the
Introduction: All the enzymes in the body that are crucial for the biochemical reactions are proteins. The proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids are of 20 types that combine in a varied manner to form proteins. The amino acids join together by peptide bonds. Proteins act as major substrates and reactants for the
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For E. coli strains with the lac genotypes show below, use a plus sign (+) to indicate the synthesis of β-galactosidase and permease and a minus sign (–) to indicate no synthesis of the proteins.
1.
a)What would happen if the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase responsible for charging alanine tRNAs also charged methionine tRNAs with alanine?
b)What would happen if an individual was homozygous for mutant alleles of the gene encoding the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase responsible for charging leucine tRNAs?
Neurospora crassa can synthesize the amino acid arginine from a
precursor as follows:
precursor
ornithine - citrulline arginine
George Beadle and Edward Tatum identified various mutants (arg
mutants) unable to synthesize arginine from this precursor. One such
class (Class I) could synthesize arginine if either ornithine or citrulline
was supplied. A second mutant class (Class II) could synthesize
arginine if citrulline was added, but not if ornithine was added. A
third class (Class II) could not synthesize arginine from either
ornithine or citrulline.
Which class or classes of arg mutants LACK a functional enzyme
able to convert ornithine into citrulline?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 13 - In a mixed heteropolymer experiment using...Ch. 13 - When repeating copolymers are used to form...Ch. 13 - The following represent deoxyribonucleotide...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1CSCh. 13 - A 30-year-old woman was undergoing therapy for...Ch. 13 - A 30-year-old woman was undergoing therapy for...Ch. 13 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 13 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 13 - Assuming the genetic code is a triplet, what...Ch. 13 - The mRNA formed from the repeating tetranucleotide...
Ch. 13 - In studies using repeating copolymers, AC ......Ch. 13 - In a coding experiment using repeating copolymers...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 13 - When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 13 - Why doesnt polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoas...Ch. 13 - Refer to Table 13.1. Can you hypothesize why a...Ch. 13 - Predict the amino acid sequence produced during...Ch. 13 - A short RNA molecule was isolated that...Ch. 13 - A glycine residue is in position 210 of the...Ch. 13 - Refer to Figure 13.7 to respond to the following:...Ch. 13 - Most proteins have more leucine than histidine...Ch. 13 - Define the process of transcription. Where does...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 13 - Describe the structure of RNA polymerase in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 13 - Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to...Ch. 13 - Present an overview of various forms of...Ch. 13 - One form of posttranscriptional modification of...Ch. 13 - Describe the role of two forms of RNA editing that...Ch. 13 - Substitution RNA editing is known to involve...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 13 - Prob. 27ESPCh. 13 - Prob. 28ESPCh. 13 - Shown here are the amino acid sequences of the...Ch. 13 - The genetic code is degenerate. Amino acids are...Ch. 13 - M. Klemke et al. (2001) discovered an interesting...Ch. 13 - Recent observations indicate that alternative...Ch. 13 - Isoginkgetin is a cell-permeable chemical isolated...
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- Neurospora crassa can synthesize the amino acid arginine from a precursor as follows: precursor ornithine citrulline arginine George Beadle and Edward Tatum identified various mutants (arg mutants) unable to synthesize arginine from this precursor. One such class (Class I) could synthesize arginine if either ornithine or citrulline was supplied. A second mutant class (Class II) could synthesize arginine if citrulline was added, but not if ornithine was added. A third class (Class III) could not synthesize arginine from either ornithine or citrulline. Which class or classes of arg mutants will grow on complete media?arrow_forwardYou are interested in studying a unique protein found in a rare wildflower found in the desert region of Atacama. The wild-type amino acid sequence isolated from this flower is: Wildtype: Arg-Lys-Thr-Leu-Gly-Arg A mutant for the gene that specifies this protein is isolated and the amino acid sequence of its protein is determined: Mutant: Arg-Lys-Thr-Leu-Gly-Gly a) Identity what the mutation changed in the amino acid sequence b) What is the effect of the mutation at the amino acid level? c) What is the effect of the mutation at the RNA level? d) What kind of mutation happened at the DNA level?arrow_forwardWhat is the length in AA’s of the LilP protein? Assume fMet is NOT CLEAVED. Enter just the number, nothing else! Write out the sequence of the polypeptide in AA: use the three letter notation, e.g. Met-Ser-Pro- A lilP mutant called lilPXS is isolated that produces a truncated polypeptide of only 6 AA in length. Describe a single basepair DNA change that would lead to this truncated version of the protein. Multiple options are possible (100 words max.)arrow_forward
- A glycine residue is in position 210 of the tryptophan synthetase enzyme of wild-type E. coli. If the codon specifying glycine is GGA, how many single-base substitutions will result in an amino acid substitution at position 210? What are they? How many will result if the wild-type codon is GGU?arrow_forwardThe enzyme dihydrofolate oxidase has 3 adjacent asparagines residues (codon for asparagines is ACC): explain how site directed mutagenesis could be used to increase the thermal stability of the proteinarrow_forwardConsider the mechanism of the enzyme RNase: What would happen to the Km (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a lysine? Explain. What would happen to the Kcat (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a valine? Explain.arrow_forward
- A mutant has no activity for the enzyme isocitrate lyase.Does this result prove that the mutation is in the geneencoding isocitrate lyase?arrow_forwardSeveral genes code for enzymes that are responsible for histidine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene that codes for one of these enzymes is: AUG CCU UGG GCC CAA AAA UGC A series of mutants that have lost activity for this enzyme are recovered. The mutant products are analyzed and found to have the following amino acid sequences: Mutant 1: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Glu-Lys-Cys Mutant 2: Met-Pro Mutant 3: Met-Pro-Cys-Gly-Pro-Lys-Met Mutant 4: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Lys-Asp Choose the correct type of mutation that occurred in the DNA to produce each mutant type. Nonsense Answer Missense Answer Addition Answer Deletion Answerarrow_forwardFor the lac genotypes shown in the following table, predict whether the structural genes (Z) are constitutive, permanently repressed, or inducible in the presence of lactose. Genotype Constitutive Repressed Inducible I+O+Z+ * I-O+Z+ I-OCZ+ I-OCZ+/F=O+ I+OCZ+/F=O+ ISO+Z+ ISO+Z+/F=I+arrow_forward
- The authors state: "Properties of the single mutants K557R, D591V and K617A, a double mutant, D591V/K617A, and a triple mutant, K557R/D591V/K617A, were evaluated to find an allosteric binding site for citrate." The numbers between the letters represent the residue number altered. The letter in front was the wild type and the letter afterwards is the mutant. How would the the triple mutations K557R and D591V and K617A alter the overall protein? O lower the # of charges, increase the pl O increase the # of charges, increase the pl O lower the # of charges, lower the pl O lower the # of charges, increase the pl O no change in the # of charges, increase the pl O no change in the # of charges, lower the plarrow_forwardEukaryotes modify mRNA with an m7G cap: an N7-methylated guanosine linked via a 5′ to 5′ triphosphate linkage, and by methylation at the 2'-hydroxyl of the penultimate nucleoside. Provide a summary of the chemical steps and cofactors involved in the capping reaction.arrow_forwardDefine the Comparison of Gene Activity ( +or -) in the Presence or Absence of Lactose for Various E. coli Genotypes ?arrow_forward
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