Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 8PDQ
When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined, differences were noted. For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine for glycine, and valine for isoleucine at corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-base changes that could occur in codons of the genetic code to produce these amino acid changes.
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When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from differentorganisms were determined, some differences were noted.For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine wassubstituted for glycine, and valine was substituted for isoleucineat corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-basechanges that could occur in triplets to produce these amino acidchanges.
Lactose permease, a protein of E. coli, is composed of a single polypeptide that is 417 amino acids in length. By convention, the amino acids within a polypeptide are numbered from the aminoterminus to the carboxyl-terminus. Are the following questions about lactose permease true or false?
A. Because the 64th amino acid is glycine and the 68th amino acid is aspartic acid, the codon for glycine, 64, is closer to the 3′ end of the mRNA than the codon for aspartic acid, 68.
B. The mRNA that encodes lactose permease must be greater than 1241 nucleotides in length.
Two melanocyte-stimulating hormones have the following amino acid sequences. Take a highlighter or
colored pencil, and figure out how much of the sequence the porcine MSH has in common with the human
MSH (how much is conserved between the two species).
beta-MSH (human): Ala-Glu-Lys-Lys-Asp-Glu-Gly-Pro-Tyr-Arg-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-Lys-Asp
beta-MSH (porcine): Asp-Glu-Gly-Pro-Tyr-Lys-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-Lys-Asp
One amino acid interrupts the parts you highlighted in each sequence. Which amino acid was it in each and
which category does that amino acid belong to on your amino acid chart?
this to make much difference for the cross-species function of beta-MSH
(why?)?
and
Do you expect
Chapter 13 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 13 - In a mixed heteropolymer experiment using...Ch. 13 - When repeating copolymers are used to form...Ch. 13 - The following represent deoxyribonucleotide...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1CSCh. 13 - A 30-year-old woman was undergoing therapy for...Ch. 13 - A 30-year-old woman was undergoing therapy for...Ch. 13 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 13 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 13 - Assuming the genetic code is a triplet, what...Ch. 13 - The mRNA formed from the repeating tetranucleotide...
Ch. 13 - In studies using repeating copolymers, AC ......Ch. 13 - In a coding experiment using repeating copolymers...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 13 - When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 13 - Why doesnt polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoas...Ch. 13 - Refer to Table 13.1. Can you hypothesize why a...Ch. 13 - Predict the amino acid sequence produced during...Ch. 13 - A short RNA molecule was isolated that...Ch. 13 - A glycine residue is in position 210 of the...Ch. 13 - Refer to Figure 13.7 to respond to the following:...Ch. 13 - Most proteins have more leucine than histidine...Ch. 13 - Define the process of transcription. Where does...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 13 - Describe the structure of RNA polymerase in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 13 - Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to...Ch. 13 - Present an overview of various forms of...Ch. 13 - One form of posttranscriptional modification of...Ch. 13 - Describe the role of two forms of RNA editing that...Ch. 13 - Substitution RNA editing is known to involve...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 13 - Prob. 27ESPCh. 13 - Prob. 28ESPCh. 13 - Shown here are the amino acid sequences of the...Ch. 13 - The genetic code is degenerate. Amino acids are...Ch. 13 - M. Klemke et al. (2001) discovered an interesting...Ch. 13 - Recent observations indicate that alternative...Ch. 13 - Isoginkgetin is a cell-permeable chemical isolated...
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- A normal polypeptide and a mutant of the polypeptide were hydrolyzed by an endopeptidase under the same conditions. The normal and mutantpolypeptide differ by one amino acid. The fingerprints of the peptides obtained from the two polypeptides are shown below. What kind of amino acid substitution occurred as a result of the mutation? (That is, is the substituted amino acid more or less polar than the original amino acid? Is its pI lower or higher?) (Hint: Photocopy the fingerprints, cut them out, and overlay them.)arrow_forwardThe endorphins are a group of naturally occurring neurotransmitters that act in a manner like morphine to control pain. Research has shown that the biologically active parts of the endorphin molecules are simple pentapeptides called enkephalins. Draw the structure of the methionine enkephalin with the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met. Identify the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids. Bradykinin is a nonapeptide that stimulates smooth muscle contraction, dilates blood vessels, causes pain, and is a component of bee venom. Give the IUPAC name of the nonapeptide. Note: The selected photo is the sequence of Bradykinin.arrow_forwardSeveral genes code for enzymes that are responsible for histidine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene that codes for one of these enzymes is: AUG CCU UGG GCC CAA AAA UGC A series of mutants that have lost activity for this enzyme are recovered. The mutant products are analyzed and found to have the following amino acid sequences: Mutant 1: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Glu-Lys-Cys Mutant 2: Met-Pro Mutant 3: Met-Pro-Cys-Gly-Pro-Lys-Met Mutant 4: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Lys-Asp Choose the correct type of mutation that occurred in the DNA to produce each mutant type. Nonsense Answer Missense Answer Addition Answer Deletion Answerarrow_forward
- Pompe disease is a rare genetic condition resulting from a deficiency of the protein alpha-glucosidase. The following three mutations are among the 100+ mutations known or suspected of causing the disease. Context is provided in parentheses. Provide a brief hypothesis as to why the change would be damaging to the protein. a.) L571P (located in a helix buried in the protein interior)arrow_forwardAn enzyme that catalyzes disulfide– sulfhydryl exchange reactions, called protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), has been isolated. PDI rapidly converts inactive scrambled ribonuclease into enzymatically active ribonuclease. In contrast, insulin is rapidly inactivated by PDI. What does this important observation imply about the relation between the amino acid sequence of insulin and its threedimensional structure?arrow_forwardCompare the DNA Sequence and any DNA base that is different in the cow and human sequences. How many bases are different? Examine the amino acids produced. any amino acids that are different in the two sequences. How many are there? What if a mutation occurred in the human insulin gene and the first triplet was changed to C C G? Is this a substitution mutation? Explain how you know. Determine the amino acid chain coded for by the following sequence. Suppose a mutation occurs where another A is added after the first codon. What would the new sequence of amino acids be? How many are there?arrow_forward
- Provide the 20 amino acids in this format:arrow_forwardA peptide with endorphin-like property was produced and obtained from the blood. This was sequence using the protocol: Treatment with streptococcal protease gave a tripeptide and a tetrapeptide. Treatment with trypsin gave two tripeptides and an amino acid. Treatment of the 2 tripeptide products in 1.2 with 2,4-dinitrophenol gave DNP- S, and DNP-E and a mixture of amino acids. The composition of the peptide is G, E, S, and K in a 2:1:1:3 molar ratio. a. Determine the sequence of the peptide? b. Determine the pl and position in an electrophoretic profilearrow_forwardA peptide with endorphin-like property was produced and obtained from the blood. This was sequence using the protocol: Treatment with streptococcal protease gave a tripeptide and a tetrapeptide. Treatment with trypsin gave two tripeptides and an amino acid. Treatment of the 2 tripeptide products in 1.2 with 2,4-dinitrophenol gave DNP- S, and DNP-E and a mixture of amino acids. The composition of the peptide is G, E, S, and K in a 2:1:1:3 molar ratio. What is the sequence of the peptide?arrow_forward
- The protein insulin consists of two polypeptides termed the A and B chains. Insulins from different organisms have been isolated and sequenced. Human and duck insulins have the same amino acid sequence with the exception of six amino acid residues, as shown below. Is the pI of human insulin lower than or higher than that of duck insulin?arrow_forwardThe purine and pyrimidine rings are built from the amino acids aspartate,glutamine, and glycine. Why is serine required for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides?arrow_forwardDetermine the codon sequence for the peptide sequence glycylserylcysteinylarginylalanine. How many possibilities are there?arrow_forward
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