Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 13, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a
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Epigenetic modification of gene expressiona. always inhibits gene transcription.b. always stimulates gene expression.c. is erased from the DNA following mitotic cell division.d. may sometimes be transmitted from generation to generation.
Which of the following is NOT a description of an epigenetic modification?
A. regulatory patterns that persisis in the absence of the original signal
B. stable alterations in gene expression without changes to the underlying DNA sequence
C. the persistence of gene expression patterns through cell division
D. an intrinsic signal that triggers cell differentiation
The role of p53 in normal cells is toa. create cancer-blocking mutations.b. trigger unrestrained cell division.c. detect damaged DNA.d. splice exons together in the correct sequence.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 13.1 - describe three types of RNA that play roles in...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.2 - describe an example of post-transcription...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.4 - describe three different types of mutations?Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 13.5 - Envision yourself as a physician. A mother,...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CTCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Which of the following is not true of RNA? a. It...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 13 - If a nucleotide is replaced by a different...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Name the three types of RNA that are essential to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Define mutation. Describe four different effects...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ACCh. 13 - Prob. 2AC
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- Which of the following statements concerning p53 is NOT correct? O a. p53-dependent transcription of target genes leads to cell cycle arrest or cell death (apoptosis). O b. O C. Loss of p53 function results in loss of checkpoint controls. Loss of p53 function creates an environment that is permissive for genome instability--that is, more damaged cells with chromosome aberrations and mutations survive and propagate. d. p53 is a tumor suppressor protein which is largely responsible for protecting cells from cancer- causing DNA-damaging agents.arrow_forwardFrom the list of answers (A-D) below, select the correct anwer(s). There may be more than one answer. B. During the process of cell division all epigenetic changes are lost. A. Epigenetic changes survive cell division. C. Epigenetic changes have NO role in cell differentiation. D. Each of the 200 types have the same genome, but distinct epigenome, which is important for the process of cell differentiation.arrow_forwardPost-translational control refers to: a. regulation of gene expression after transcription b. regulation of gene expression after translation c. control of epigenetic activation d. period between transcription and translationarrow_forward
- Epigenetics works by Select one: a. activating DNA ligases so they can clip attached methyl groups off. O b. activating DNA polymerases so thymine is more readily attached to the lead gene. c. blocking the cell's ability to read certain genes. O d. blocking the cell's ability to undergo cytokinesis.arrow_forwardTranslational control of gene expression occurs within thea. nucleus.b. cytoplasm.c. nucleolus.d. mitochondria.arrow_forwardTranscription factors such as myoD control gene expression in which of the following ways? Group of answer choices A. direct control of transcription of specific genes B. control of the cell cycle C. general control of transcription through chromatin modification D. control of RNA splicing E. control of translationarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a way in which proto-oncogenes can change to become genes that induce cancer? Group of answer choices a. changes in a control element (enhancer) to increase transcription b. gene amplification c. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that degrades rapidly d. movement of the gene adjacent to a different control element to increase transcription e. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that isarrow_forwardHow does gene activation lead to cell differentiation? Explain the correct answer and explain why the others are wrong. A. Different genes are activated in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique funcation B. The same genes are actives in every cell of your body, causing every cell to function the same C. Certain cells only have parts of DNA that causes cell deferentiation D. Unique genes are in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique functionarrow_forwardWhich of the following types of epigenetic changes may promote cancer?a. DNA methylationb. Covalent modification of histonesc. Chromatin remodelingd. All of the abovearrow_forward
- Epigenetic marks regulate gene expression. Which epigenetic mark is NOT associated with positive gene expression? A. Histone acetylation B. Histone Methylation C. De-methylated DNA D. Methylated DNAarrow_forwardWith regard to cancer cells, which of the following statementsare true?A. Cancer cells are clonal, which means they are derived from asingle mutant cell.B. To become cancerous, cells usually accumulate multiplegenetic changes that eventually result in uncontrolledgrowth.C. Most cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses.D. Cancer cells have lost the ability to properly regulate celldivision.arrow_forwardThe p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division. B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division. C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.arrow_forward
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