Solutions for Biology
Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - An Introduction To Life On EarthChapter 1.1 - What Is Life?Chapter 1.2 - What Is Evolution?Chapter 1.3 - How Do Scientists Study Life?Chapter 1.4 - What Is Science?Chapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, And LifeChapter 2.1 - What Are Atoms?Chapter 2.2 - How Do Atoms Interact To Form Molecules?Chapter 2.3 - Why Is Water So Important To Life?Chapter 3 - Biological Molecules
Chapter 3.1 - Why Is Carbon So Important In Biological Molecules?Chapter 3.2 - How Are Large Biological Molecules Synthesized?Chapter 3.3 - What Are Carbohydrates?Chapter 3.4 - What Are Proteins?Chapter 3.5 - What Are Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids?Chapter 3.6 - What Are Lipids?Chapter 4 - Cell Structure And FunctionChapter 4.1 - What Is The Cell Theory?Chapter 4.2 - How Do Scientists Visualize Cells?Chapter 4.3 - What Are The Basic Attributes Of Cells?Chapter 4.4 - What Are The Major Features Of Prokaryotic Cells?Chapter 4.5 - What Are The Major Features Of Eukaryotic Cells?Chapter 5 - Cell Membrane Structure And FunctionChapter 5.1 - How Is The Structure Of The Cell Membrane Related To Its Function?Chapter 5.2 - Which Physical Processes Move Molecules In Fluids?Chapter 5.3 - How Do Substances Move Across Membranes?Chapter 6 - Energy Flow In The Life Of A CellChapter 6.1 - What Is Energy?Chapter 6.2 - How Is Energy Transformed During Chemical Reactions?Chapter 6.3 - How Is Energy Transported Within Cells?Chapter 6.4 - How Do Enzymes Promote Biochemical Reactions?Chapter 6.5 - How Are Enzymes Regulated?Chapter 7 - Capturing Solar Energy: PhotosynthesisChapter 7.1 - What Is Photosynthesis?Chapter 7.2 - The Light Reactions: How Is Light Energy Converted To Chemical Energy?Chapter 7.3 - The Calvin Cycle: How Is Chemical Energy Stored In Sugar Molecules?Chapter 8 - Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis And Cellular RespirationChapter 8.1 - How Do Cells Obtain Energy?Chapter 8.2 - How Does Glycolysis Begin Breaking Down Glucose?Chapter 8.3 - How Does Cellular Respiration Extract Energy From Glucose?Chapter 8.4 - How Does Fermentation Allow Glycolysis To Continue When Oxygen Is Lacking?Chapter 9 - Cellular ReproductionChapter 9.1 - What Are The Functions Of Cell Division?Chapter 9.2 - What Happens During The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle?Chapter 9.3 - How Is The Dna In Eukaryotic Chromosomes Organized?Chapter 9.4 - What Happens During The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle?Chapter 9.5 - How Does Mitotic Cell Division Produce Genetically Identical Daughter Cells?Chapter 9.6 - How Is The Cell Cycle Controlled?Chapter 10 - Meiosis: The Basis Of Sexual ReproductionChapter 10.1 - How Does Sexual Reproduction Produce Genetic Variability?Chapter 10.2 - How Does Meiotic Cell Division Produce Genetically Variable, Haploid Cells?Chapter 10.3 - How Do Meiosis And Union Of Gametes Produce Genetically Variable Offspring?Chapter 10.4 - How Do Errors In Meiosis Cause Inherited Disorders?Chapter 11 - Patterns Of InheritanceChapter 11.1 - What Is The Physical Basis Of Inheritance?Chapter 11.2 - How Were The Principles Of Lnheritance Discovered?Chapter 11.3 - How Are Single Traits Inherited?Chapter 11.4 - How Are Multiple Traits Inherited?Chapter 11.5 - Do The Mendelian Rules Af Inheritance Apply To All Traits?Chapter 11.6 - How Are Genes Located On The Same Chromosome Inherited?Chapter 11.7 - How Are Sex And Sex-linked Traits Inherited?Chapter 11.8 - How Are Human Genetic Disorders Inherited?Chapter 12 - Dna: The Molecule Of HeredityChapter 12.1 - What Is The Structure Of Dna?Chapter 12.2 - How Does Dna Encode Genetic Lnformation?Chapter 12.3 - How Does Dna Replication Ensure Genetic Constancy During Cell Division?Chapter 12.4 - What Are Mutations, And How Do They Occur?Chapter 13 - Gene Expression And RegulationChapter 13.1 - How Is The Information In Dna Used In A Cell?Chapter 13.2 - How Is The Information In A Gene Transcribed Into Rna?Chapter 13.3 - How Is The Nucleotide Sequence Of Mrna Translated Into Protein?Chapter 13.4 - How Do Mutations Affect Protein Structure And Function?Chapter 13.5 - How Is Gene Expression Regulated?Chapter 14 - BiotechnologyChapter 14.1 - What Is Biotechnology?Chapter 14.2 - What Natural Processes Recombine Dna Between Species?Chapter 14.3 - What Are Some Key Methods For Manipulating Dna?Chapter 14.4 - How Is Biotechnology Used In Forensic Science?Chapter 14.5 - How Are Transgenic Organisms Made?Chapter 14.6 - How Are Genetically Modified Organisms Used?Chapter 14.7 - How Is Biotechnology Used In Medicine?Chapter 14.8 - What Are The Major Ethical Issues Of Modern Biotechnology?Chapter 15 - Principles Of EvolutionChapter 15.1 - How Did Evolutionary Thought Develop?Chapter 15.2 - How Does Natural Selection Work?Chapter 15.3 - How Do We Know That Evolutlon Has Occurred?Chapter 15.4 - What Is The Evidence That Populations Evolve By Natural Selection?Chapter 16 - How Populations EvolveChapter 16.1 - How Are Populations, Genes, And Evolution Related?Chapter 16.2 - What Causes Evolution?Chapter 16.3 - How Does Natural Selection Work?Chapter 17 - The Origin Of SpeciesChapter 17.1 - What Is A Species?Chapter 17.2 - How Is Reproductive Isolation Between Species Maintained?Chapter 17.3 - How Do New Species Form?Chapter 17.4 - What Causes Extinction?Chapter 18 - The History Of LifeChapter 18.1 - How Did Life Begin?Chapter 18.2 - What Were The Earliest Organisms Like?Chapter 18.3 - What Were The Earliest Multicellular Organims Like?Chapter 18.4 - How Did Life Invade The Land?Chapter 18.5 - What Role Has Extinction Played In The History Of Life?Chapter 18.6 - How Did Humans Evolve?Chapter 19 - Systematics: Seeking Order Amid DiversityChapter 19.1 - How Are Organisms Named And Classified?Chapter 19.2 - What Are The Domains Of Life?Chapter 19.3 - Why Do Classifications Change?Chapter 19.4 - How Many Species Exist?Chapter 20 - The Diversity Of Prokaryotes And VirusesChapter 20.1 - Which Organisms Are Members Of The Domains Archaea And Bacteria?Chapter 20.2 - How Do Prokaryotes Survive And Reproduce?Chapter 20.3 - How Do Prokaryotes Affect Humans And Other Organisms?Chapter 20.4 - What Are Viruses, Viroids, And Prions?Chapter 21 - The Diversity Of ProtistsChapter 21.1 - What Are Protists?Chapter 21.2 - What Are The Major Groups Of Protists?Chapter 22 - The Diversity Of PlantsChapter 22.1 - What Are The Key Features Of Plants?Chapter 22.2 - How Have Plants Evolved?Chapter 22.3 - What Are The Major Groups Of Plants?Chapter 22.4 - How Do Plants Affect Other Organisms?Chapter 23 - The Diversity Of FungiChapter 23.1 - What Are The Key Features Of Fungi?Chapter 23.2 - What Are The Major Groups Of Fungi?Chapter 23.3 - How Do Fungi Interact With Other Species?Chapter 23.4 - How Do Fungi Affect Humans?Chapter 24 - Animal Diversity I: InvertebratesChapter 24.1 - What Are The Key Features Of Animals?Chapter 24.2 - Which Anatomical Features Mark Branch Points On The Animal Evolutionary Tree?Chapter 24.3 - What Are The Major Animal Phyla?Chapter 25 - Animal Diversity Ii: VertebratesChapter 25.1 - What Are The Key Features Of Chordates?Chapter 25.2 - Which Animals Are Chordates?Chapter 25.3 - What Are The Major Groups Of Vertebrates?Chapter 26 - Animal BehaviorChapter 26.1 - How Does Behavior Arise?Chapter 26.2 - How Do Animals Compete For Resources?Chapter 26.3 - How Do Animals Behave When They Mate?Chapter 26.4 - How Do Animals Communicate?Chapter 26.5 - What Do Animals Communicate About?Chapter 26.6 - Why Do Animals Play?Chapter 26.7 - What Kinds Of Societies Do Animals Form?Chapter 26.8 - Can Biology Explain Human Behavior?Chapter 27 - Population Growth And RegulationChapter 27.1 - What Is A Population And How Does Population Size Change?Chapter 27.2 - How Is Population Growth Regulated?Chapter 27.3 - How Do Life Histories Differ Among Species?Chapter 27.4 - How Are Organisms In Populations Distributed?Chapter 27.5 - How Is The Human Population Changing?Chapter 28 - Community InteractionsChapter 28.1 - How Do Species In Communities Interact?Chapter 28.2 - How Does Interspecific Competition Affect Communities?Chapter 28.3 - How Do Consumer-prey Interactions Shape Evolutionary Adaptations?Chapter 28.4 - How Do Mutualisms Benefit Different Species?Chapter 28.5 - How Do Keystone Species Lnfluence Community Structure?Chapter 28.6 - How Do Species Interactions Change Community Structure Over Time?Chapter 29 - Energy Flow And Nutrient Cycling In EcosystemsChapter 29.1 - How Do Nutrients And Energy Move Through Ecosystems?Chapter 29.2 - How Does Energy Flow Through Ecosystems?Chapter 29.3 - How Do Nutrients Cycle Within And Among Ecosystems?Chapter 29.4 - What Happens When Humans Disrupt Nutrient Cycles?Chapter 30 - Earth's Diverse EcosystemsChapter 30.1 - What Determines The Distribution Of Life On Earth?Chapter 30.2 - Which Factors Influence Earth's Climate?Chapter 30.3 - What Are The Principal Terrestrial Biomes?Chapter 30.4 - What Are The Principal Aquatic Biomes?Chapter 31 - Conserving Earth's BiodiversityChapter 31.1 - What Is Conservation Biology?Chapter 31.2 - Why Is Biodiversity Important?Chapter 31.3 - What Are The Major Threats To Biodiversity?Chapter 31.4 - Why Is Habitat Protection Necessary To Preserve Biodiversity?Chapter 31.5 - Why Is Sustainability Essential For A Healthy Future?Chapter 32 - Homeostasis And The Organization Of The Animal BodyChapter 32.1 - Homeostasis: Why And How Do Animals Regulate Their Internal Environment?Chapter 32.2 - How Is The Animal Body Organized?Chapter 33 - CirculationChapter 33.1 - What Are The Major Features And Functions Of Circulatory Systems?Chapter 33.2 - How Does The Vertebrate Heart Work?Chapter 33.3 - What Is Blood?Chapter 33.4 - What Are The Types And Functions Of Blood Vessels?Chapter 33.5 - How Does The Lymphatic System Work With The Circulatory System?Chapter 34 - RespirationChapter 34.1 - Why Exchange Gases And What Are The Requirements For Gas Exchange?Chapter 34.2 - How Do Respiratory Adaptations Minimize Diffusion Distances?Chapter 34.3 - How Is Air Conducted Through The Human Respiratory System?Chapter 34.4 - How Does Gas Exchange Occur In The Human Respiratory System?Chapter 35 - Nutrition And DigestionChapter 35.1 - What Nutrients Do Animals Need?Chapter 35.2 - How Does Digestion Occur?Chapter 35.3 - How Do Humans Digest Food?Chapter 36 - The Urinary SystemChapter 36.1 - What Are The Major Functions Of Urinary Systems?Chapter 36.2 - What Are Some Examples Of Invertebrate Urinary Systems?Chapter 36.3 - What Are The Structures Of The Mammalian Urinary System?Chapter 36.4 - How Is Urine Formed?Chapter 36.5 - How Do Vertebrate Urinary Systems Help Maintain Homeostasis?Chapter 37 - Defenses Against DiseaseChapter 37.1 - How Does The Body Defend Itself Against Disease?Chapter 37.2 - How Do Nonspecific Defenses Function?Chapter 37.3 - What Are The Key Components Of Specific Internal Defenses?Chapter 37.4 - How Does The Adaptive Immune System Recognize Invaders?Chapter 37.5 - How Does The Adaptive Immune System Attack Invaders?Chapter 37.6 - How Does The Adaptive Immune System Remember Its Past Victories?Chapter 37.7 - How Does Medical Care Assist The Immune Response?Chapter 37.8 - What Happens When The Immune System Malfunctions?Chapter 37.9 - How Does The Immune System Combat Cancer?Chapter 38 - Chemical Control Of The Animal Body: The Endocrine SystemChapter 38.1 - How Do Animal Cells Communicate?Chapter 38.2 - How Do Endocrine Hormones Produce Their Effect?Chapter 38.3 - What Are The Structures And Functions Of The Mammalian Endocrine System?Chapter 39 - The Nervous SystemChapter 39.1 - What Are The Structures And Functions Of Nerve Cells?Chapter 39.2 - How Do Neurons Produce And Transmit Information?Chapter 39.3 - How Does The Nervous System Process Information And Control Behavior?Chapter 39.4 - How Are Nervous Systems Organized?Chapter 39.5 - What Are The Structures And Functions Of The Human Nervous System?Chapter 40 - The SensesChapter 40.1 - How Do Animals Sense Their Environment?Chapter 40.2 - How Is Temperature Sensed?Chapter 40.3 - How Are Mechanical Stimuli Detected?Chapter 40.4 - How Is Sound Detected?Chapter 40.5 - How Are Gravity And Movement Detected?Chapter 40.6 - How Is Light Perceived?Chapter 40.7 - How Are Chemicals Sensed?Chapter 40.8 - How Is Pain Perceived?Chapter 41 - Action And Support: The Muscles And SkeletonChapter 41.1 - How Do Muscles Contract?Chapter 41.2 - How Do Cardiac And Smooth Muscles Differ From Skeletal Muscle?Chapter 41.3 - How Do Muscles And Skeletons Work Together To Provide Movement?Chapter 42 - Animal ReproductionChapter 42.1 - How Do Animals Reproduce?Chapter 42.2 - What Are The Structures And Functions Of Human Reproductive Systems?Chapter 42.3 - How Can People Prevent Pregnancy?Chapter 43 - Animal DevelopmentChapter 43.1 - What Are The Principles Of Animal Development?Chapter 43.2 - How Do Direct And Indirect Development Differ?Chapter 43.3 - How Does Animal Development Proceed?Chapter 43.4 - How Is Development Controlled?Chapter 43.5 - How Do Humans Develop?Chapter 43.6 - Is Aging The Final Stage Of Development?Chapter 44 - Plant Anatomy And Nutrient TransportChapter 44.1 - How Are Plant Bodies Organized?Chapter 44.2 - How Do Plants Grow?Chapter 44.3 - What Are The Differentiated Tissues And Cell Types Of Plants?Chapter 44.4 - What Are The Structures And Functions Of Leaves?Chapter 44.5 - What Are The Structures And Functions Of Stems?Chapter 44.6 - What Are The Structures And Functions Of Roots?Chapter 44.7 - How Do Plants Acquire Nutrients?Chapter 44.8 - How Do Plants Move Water And Minerals From Roots To Leaves?Chapter 44.9 - How Do Plants Transport Sugars?Chapter 45 - Plant Reproduction And DevelopmentChapter 45.1 - How Do Plants Reproduce?Chapter 45.2 - What Are The Functions And Structures Of Flowers?Chapter 45.3 - How Do Fruits And Seeds Develop?Chapter 45.4 - How Do Seeds Germinate And Grow?Chapter 45.5 - How Do Plants And Their Pollinators Interact?Chapter 45.6 - How Do Fruits Help To Disperse Seeds?Chapter 46 - Plant Responses To The EnvironmentChapter 46.1 - What Are Some Major Plant Hormones?Chapter 46.2 - How Do Hormones Regulate Plant Life Cycles?Chapter 46.3 - How Do Plants Communicate, Defend Themselves, And Capture Prey?
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for Biology homework problems. See examples below:
Chapter 1, Problem 1MCChapter 2, Problem 1MCChapter 3, Problem 1MCChapter 4, Problem 1MCChapter 5, Problem 1MCChapter 6, Problem 1MCChapter 7, Problem 1MCChapter 8, Problem 1MCChapter 9, Problem 1MC
Reason for the correct answer Option b. is given as “autosomes” Autosomes, also known as somatic...Justify reason for the correct statement: An allele is any of the alternative forms of a gene that...Chapter 12, Problem 1MCReason for the correct answer: Option b. is given as “messenger RNA”. Messenger RNA (mRNA) functions...Reason for the correct answer: Option a. is given as “produces many copies of specific DNA...Chapter 15, Problem 1MCChapter 16, Problem 1MCChapter 17, Problem 1MCChapter 18, Problem 1MCJustify reasons for the correct statement: The species A and B shares common ancestors as they are...Chapter 20, Problem 1MCChapter 21, Problem 1MCChapter 22, Problem 1MCJustify reason for the correct statement: The fungal cell wall is made up of chitin which is a...Justify reasons for the correct statement: The cnidarians are mostly marine animals but some also...Chapter 25, Problem 1MCJustify reasons for the correct statement: The territoriality can be defined as the defense of an...Justify reason for the correct statement: Density-independent factors are those factors that affect...Reasons for the correct statement: A change that occurs in an area where no previous community...Reason for the correct answer: Option b. is given as “as energy is transferred from one trophic...Justify reasons for the correct statement: In the tropical rain forest, the temperature is humid as...Chapter 31, Problem 1MCChapter 32, Problem 1MCJustify reason for the correct statement: The thick wall of arteries consists of three tunics;...Chapter 34, Problem 1MCChapter 35, Problem 1MCJustify reason for the correct statement: Aquatic animals do not possess specific urinary system....Justify reason for the correct statement: In humoral immunity, antibodies are involved. The B cell...Justify reasons for the correct statement: The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus are involved...Justify reason for the correct statement: Whenever the voltage across a neuron’s plasma membrane...Justify reason for the correct statement: Mechanoreceptors are a specific sensory receptor. They...Justify reasons for the correct statement: Muscle cells are soft tissue and are composed of thick...Chapter 42, Problem 1MCJustify reasons for the correct statement: Amnion layer encloses the fertilized embryo in a watery...Chapter 44, Problem 1MCJustify reason for the correct statement: Seeds germinate below the soil, so the delicate part of...Justify reason for the correct statement: Plants have a different response to different...
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