Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 13, Problem 4FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The genes can be defined as the sequence of
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In protein synthesis, DNA transcription records the genetic message, while ribosomal ______________ interprets the message.
________________ carries the genetic code to the ribosomes to facilitate protein/amino acid synthesis.
The genetic message to make a specific amino acid in a protein, is carried by a specific three nucleotide unit on the messenger RNA called a
During transcription, the nitrogen base adenine on the DNA bonds with the nitrogen base ______________ on the messenger RNA.
The enzyme __________________ unwinds the DNA double helix in DNA transcription.
In order for transcription to occur, the DNA molecule must be "unzipped". Messenger RNA is then produced using one of the DNA strands as a template. As the mRNA lengthens, it separates from the DNA strand. The two DNA strands then come back together.
True
False
The following sequence is the coding strand of a piece of DNA. Type out the corresponding
template strand of DNA and the MRNA that could be made from this piece of DNA if you assume
that transcription begins at the first nucleotide listed. Next, use the attached genetic code table to
translate the mRNA into a polypeptide that could be made from the message and list that
sequence along with those of the DNA and MRNA.
Coding strand
5'-TACCGTATGATTCTCTTGTATGGGTAACC-3'
Second letter
U
UUU
UUC
UCU
UAU
UGU
Phe
Tyr
Cys
UCC
UCA
UAC
UAA STOP
UAG STOP UGG| Trp
UGC
Ser
UUA
UGA STOP A
UUG Leu
UCG
CUU
CCU
CC
CAU
CGU
CGC
His
CUC
C
CUA
CAC
САА
Leu
Pro
Arg
CCA
CGA
Gln
CUG
СCG
CAG
CGG
AGU Ser
AAU
AAC
ACU
AUU
lle
AUC
Asn
ACC
ACA
AGC
Thr
AAA
AGA
AUA
AUG Met
Arg
ACG
AAG Lys
AGG
GAU
GCU
GCC
GUU
GGU
Asp
GAC
GGC
GGA
GUC
Val
Ala
Gly
GCA
GCG
GAA
GAG
GUA
Glu
GUG
GGG
Third letter
UCAG
UCAG
5CAG
UCAG
First letter
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 13.1 - describe three types of RNA that play roles in...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.2 - describe an example of post-transcription...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.4 - describe three different types of mutations?Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 13.5 - Envision yourself as a physician. A mother,...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CTCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Which of the following is not true of RNA? a. It...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 13 - If a nucleotide is replaced by a different...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Name the three types of RNA that are essential to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Define mutation. Describe four different effects...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ACCh. 13 - Prob. 2AC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has undergone post transcriptional processing which is essentially way too different from the original code in the DNA template. Given: Protein with known amino acid sequence Requirement: Original DNA code (itemize the steps you would take to get to know the original DNA code of the protein in focus)arrow_forwardThe code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has undergone post transcriptional processing which is essentially way too different from the original code in the DNA template. Given: Cytosine; a Protein with known amino acid sequence Requirement: Original DNA code (itemize the steps you would take to get to know the original DNA code of Cytosine in focus)arrow_forwardSelect all TRUE statements related to the process of transcription. More than one answer is possible. The enzyme helicase separates the complimentary base pairs that hold double-stranded DNA together. MRNA is formed by joining ribonucleotides that pair with the template strand of DNA MRNA is formed by joining ribonucleotides that pair with the coding strand of DNA exons are removed from MRNA. Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand. introns are removed from mRNA. The enzyme DNA gyrase encompasses both strands of DNA and uncoils the helix of double-stranded DNA. transcription is the process by which MRNA codons are translated to proteins. MRNA formed will be complimentary to the coding strand. DNA is unwound to expose the targeted genearrow_forward
- Below is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed, what is the correct nucleotide sequence and direction of the RNA formed after transcription?arrow_forwardWhen summarizing the process of transcription in a cell as a gene is used to build a polypeptide, which of these statements accurately reflects the process of transcription? Choose ALL that apply. A - An mRNA molecule is produced in the nucleus of the cell. B - A polypeptide is synthesized based on the sequence of nucleotides on the tRNA molecule. C - The RNA molecules contains three nucleotides in a row whose bases form a codon. D - The ribosome attaches to the DNA to build a polypeptide. E - The resulting RNA molecule is a complement of the gene on the DNA.arrow_forwardNitrous acid is a mutagen. It can react chemically with cytosine to change it to uracil in a DNA strand. Using your knowledge of DNA that undergoes transcription, explain the effect of this mutagen on a strand of DNA structurally and what the implications are for transcription of the mRNA strand and protein.arrow_forward
- Several different nucleic acids are involved in the process of getting a protein produced from a gene. DNA contains the "genetic code" for the protein. DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand is transcribed into MRNA. The MRNA then goes into the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein with the help of TRNA. At each stage of the process, there is base complementarity (A pairs with T/U and C pairs with G) between the nucleic acids involved to ensure the integrity of the DNA blueprint for the protein being produced. Therefore, some of the four strands of nucleic acids involved will match (except U replaces T in RNA) and some will have base complementarity. Indicate whether there is matching (1) or base complementarity (2) between the following nucleic acids. DNA sense strand and MRNA DNA sense strand and tRNA DNA antisense strand and MRNA MRNA and TRNAarrow_forwardAKS 5c1: The model below represents the process of protein synthesis. What is the best description for what occurs during process A and process B in the model? * AA A GA TIT TT G CITG GCITAG |A AMGAA MAQ IB phenyl- alanine leucine alanine glycine methionineH iysine Process A is showing transcription, which uses a DNA template to create an mRNA copy of the genetic code. Process B is showing translation, which uses the MRNA to create a polypeptide chain. Process A is showing translation, which uses a DNA template to create an MRNA copy of the genetic code. Process B is showing transcription, which uses the MRNA to create a nolynentide chain ATarrow_forwardWhich of the following corresponds to the three basic components of a mononucleotide? Phosphate group, glucose, nitrogenous base Pyrophosphate group, glucose, nitrogenous base Pyrophosphate group, ribose, purine bases O Phosphate group, ribose, nitrogenous basearrow_forward
- Match the term with its definition comparing genomic DNA, mRNA, and proteins. You may only use each option ONCE. where transcription starts. where translation ends a chemical group that indicates the first nucleotide that was added to the mRNA a chemical group that indicates the first amino acid that was added to the polypeptide a DNA sequence that is neither transcribed nor translated a non-protein coding region upstream of the start codon in the mRNA promoter complimentary base-pairs with the codon amino-terminus a DNA sequence that is transcribed, but not intron translated [Choose ] stop codon +1 site tRNA 5-prime UTR start codon exon 5-prime triphosphate promoter amino-terminus 5-prime triphosphate stop codonarrow_forwardThe transcription enzyme that catalyzes a strand of RNA from a DNA template is called what?arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forward
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