Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 13, Problem 3RQ
Summary Introduction
To answer:
Definition of: genetic code, codon, and anticodon. The relationship among the bases in DNA, the codons of
Introduction:
Translation is the process in molecular biology, in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins by the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell.
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which statement about genetic code is not true?
A) mRNA is read 3 bases at a time, which are called codons. B) There is one initiator codon that codes for an amino acid. C) Each amino acid is coded for by only one codon. D) There are 3 termination codons that do not code for amino acids. E) Each codon is specific for only one amino acid.
An anion has an equilibrium potential of -40 mV. What direction are the chemical and electrical forces acting on the anion at the resting membrane potential (-70 mV)?
A) Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed out of the cell. B) The chemical force is directed out of the cell and the electrical force is directed into the cell. C) The chemical force is directed into the cell and the electrical force is directed out of the cell. D) There is insufficient information to answer this question. E) Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed into the cell.
If DNA codes for mRNA and mRNA codes for protein, then how can the same DNA sequence generate different proteins?
What are the 3 tRNA sites on the small ribosomal subunit (just abbreviations)? What is the order of tRNA entrance and exit through the ribosome?
Define the following terms: genetic code, codon, and anticodon. What is the relationship among the bases in DNA, the codons of mRNA, and the anticodons of tRNA?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 13.1 - describe three types of RNA that play roles in...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.2 - describe an example of post-transcription...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.4 - describe three different types of mutations?Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 13.5 - Envision yourself as a physician. A mother,...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CTCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Which of the following is not true of RNA? a. It...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 13 - If a nucleotide is replaced by a different...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Name the three types of RNA that are essential to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Define mutation. Describe four different effects...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ACCh. 13 - Prob. 2AC
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- Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of the degeneracy of the genetic code?Group of answer choices a) each codon specifies more than one amino acid b) the genetic code is not degenerate c) an amino acid can have more than one codon d) None of the abovearrow_forwardA DNA strand consists of any sequence of four kinds of nucleotides. Suppose there were only 14 different amino acids instead of 20. Which of the following statements would be correct descriptions of the minimal number of nucleotides necessary to create a genetic code? a) 1 b)2, provided that chain termination does not require a special codon c) 3, provided that chain termination does require a special codon d)2, no matter how chain termination is accomplished e) Both b and carrow_forward
- In cells, proteins are synthesized from a gene sequence via the process of transcription and translation. Which of the following complementary base pairings would you observe during the synthesis (the making) of a prokaryotic protein? [I am looking for the complementary base pairing(s) you would see as you go from a gene to a protein. Note that it is prokarryotic protein and not eukaryotic protein]. DNA with mRNA mRNA with tRNA mRNA with rRNA rRNA with tRNA A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardWhy may tRNA be considered the “interpreter” of the genetic code?arrow_forwardHow many codons would exist in a genetic code that had codons that were four bases long? Why? (show the equation for calculation)arrow_forward
- Order of bases in DNA Order of bases in MRNA (codon) AUC Order of bases in tRNA (anticodon) UAG TAG Amino acid coded into proteins CAT CAU GUC CCA ATG Methionine (Met) Valline (Val) GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG ACU ACA UGU AAA AAA GAA CuU Procedure: Refer to the Genetic Code Table below to identify the right amino acid coded. To determine the order of bases in the first column (UNA), second column (codon) and the third column Is the anticodon. Consider the complementary base pair, in DNA and in RNA To identify the amino acid, took at the bases in the MRNA codon, example AUG using the Genetic Code Table. Loo: for the first letter of the MRNA codon on the left side of the genstis code table (A), the second letter of the MRNA on the second letter column (U), and the third letter on the right-side column (G). AUG codes for the amino acid -methionine. Do the same with the other codons in the chart. Genetic Code Table and posticn of codon Cystelne Cysteine UAU TyrY UAC Tyr Y Tyrosine USA UAG CAU His H…arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the RNA synthesized above (item #1) is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon,a. how many codons are present in this mRNA?b. how many codons actually code for proteins in this mRNA?c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the RNA synthesized above (item #3) is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon,a. how many codons are present in this mRNA?b. how many codons actually code for a protein in this mRNA?c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?arrow_forward
- Below is a polinucleotide sequence of the non-template strand of a coding DNA sequence. Use the info of this molecule as well as the attached addendum to demonstrate the flow of genetic information to protein sequence as described by the so-called “Central Dogma” . Clearly indicate the direction of your polynucleotide strands and peptide/protein. Example: (USE SPACES BETWEEN CODONS): ' XXX XXX XXX XXX ' Example: (USE SPACES BETWEEN AMINOACIDS): Polypeptide: direction-XXX-XXX-XXX-direction ATG GCA TGC AAT AGC TCA TGC b) What would happen to the amino acid sequence if the underlined nucleotide (C) would change to an A? (3arrow_forwardDescribe the critical role that complementary base-pairing plays in replication, transcription, and translation.arrow_forwardLike mRNA, tRNA has a ribose sugar, U instead of T, and is single stranded. Unlike mRNA, which remains a long single strand of nucleotides, tRNA folds so that some areas pair up. The resulting structure has an anticodon on one end and a site for an amino acid to attach on the other end. There is base complementarity (A pairs with U and G pairs with C) between an mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon.If the amino acid lysine attaches to a tRNA, which of the following anticodons could be at the opposite end of the tRNA molecule? a. UUU and UUC b. AAA and AAG c. AGA and AGU d. UCU and UCAarrow_forward
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