Which of the following models best depicts how the genetic information in a retrovirus is eventually translated into proteins? A) DNA in the retrovirus → RNA in the host cell → Proteins B) RNA in the retrovirus → DNA in the host cell → RNA in the host cell →

Q: What is a retrovirus and how does information flow for a retrovirus differ from that for the…

A: A virus is a microscopic parasite that can replicate and reproduce only inside living cells. The…

Q: The RNA complement of a protein coding gene is what? A) mRNA B) rRNA C) snRNA D) tRNA

A: Explanation: The mRNA specifies, in triplet code, the amino acid sequence of proteins

Q: As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason…

A: Viruses are small, microscopic organisms that contain either RNA or DNA as their genetic material.…

Q: 4) The p53 protein normally involves a) DNA repair b) Cell cycle arrest c) Apoptosis d) All of the…

A: p53 is a gene that codes for a protein P53.

Q: 40) The molecular forces that hold the proteins of a capsule together are covalent bonds. True or…

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Q: 5) Name which protein of the coronavirus attaches to host cells: Number of amino acids in this…

A: Note: “Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first…

Q: triphosphates (dNTPs) or nucleoside triphosphates (NTPS).

A: Viruses are not capable of translating the proteins,  thus they are dependent on host machinery for…

Q: 1) Which of the following are referred to as retrotransposons? a) VNTRS b) SINES c) LINES d) STRS 2)…

A: As per our honor code, we are authorized to answer only one question at a moment. So, we are…

Q: Which of the following point mutations is likely to be the worst for an organism if they happened in…

A: Mutation is a change in genetic sequence or genomic sequence of an organism. This change can be…

Q: What are retrovirus-like elements?

A: Retrovirus-like elements include retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing…

Q: The success of HAART (highly active antiretrovial therapy) against HIV is based on the idea that the…

A: Step 1: Understand the ProblemTo determine the effectiveness of the treatment regimen against Virus…

Q: Reverse transcriptase does not catalyzea) RNA-dependent DNA synthesisb) RNA degradationc)…

A: Transcriptase is the enzyme which helps in transcription. Transcription is the process to synthesise…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses?…

A: viruses need host cell machinery to replicate themselves.

Q: Most humans are not easily infected by avian influenza. How, then, do DNA sequences from avian…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though…

A: DNA Sequencing : it is a laboratory technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases(A,C,G…

Q: Usually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration.…

A: Normally, bacteria regulate the synthesis of tryptophan through the trp operon. When tryptophan…

Q: Which is not needed to clone an animal? A)sperm for a donor animal B)nucleus from an adult animal…

A: Cloning is the process of producing individuals with identical or virtually identical DNA, either…

Q: Several common antibiotics affect some strains of bacteria's ability to carry out transcription…

A: Transcription is a heterocatalytic action of DNA by means of which RNA is synthesized from specific…

Q: The success of HAART (highly active antiretrovial therapy) against HIV is based on the idea that the…

A: The objective of the question is to determine the minimum number of drugs needed to effectively…

Q: In the process of transformation 1) cells take up DNA from their environment 2) DNA is transferred…

A: In transformation, the competent cells are made in which the cells are treated with chemicals or…

Q: A viral protein has a 20 amino acid amino acid chain consisting of the following primary structure:…

A: Amino acids are the building units of a protein. In viruses, protein is present in the capsid,…

Q: Which of the following is one way a virus can enter the host cell? Depending on the type of virus,…

A: Viruses are nonliving entities that only become living when they find a suitable living host to…

Q: virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors

A: virus receptor can be defined as a host cell surface component recognized by the virus as a gateway…

Q: 5) Which mutation would NOT cause a change in an organism's phenotype?   A) TAT becomes TGT     B)…

A: The amino acids coded are decided by the sequence of the DNA, as the template strand is transcribed…

Q: A virophage is best descirbed as:(a) A bacteriophage that requires a helper virus(b) An animal virus…

A: Viruses are obligate parasites. They are non cellular entities which have their RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: The genome of a retrovirus can integrate into the host cell genome. What gene is unique to…

A: Introduction  Central Dogma: it is the key mechanism by which DNA can be transcribed into mRNA by…

Q: Assume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you…

A: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase  or RNA polymerase or replicase  is an enzyme that catalyzes the…

Q: t the protein level, mutation resulting in changing one amino acid for ar re DA) Neutral mutations…

A: Mutations are abrupt changes in the DNA sequences which may bring about changes in the amino acid…

Q: If you made a cDNA library from human brain cells and one from human liver cells would the clones in…

A: The term "clone" refers to an organism or a group of genetically identical organisms that are…

Q: You are studying a new retrovirus. The viral protein (X) appears to play a role in the export of the…

A: The nucleus is the structure that encompasses the genome (DNA) in all eukaryotic cells. It is…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic or procesds that can lead to genetic changes in…

A: A virus is an infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living…

Q: If a viral host cell has a mutation that interferes with the addition of carbohydrates to proteins…

A: It is a multiple choice question.

Q: The diagrams below represent nucleic acid genomic material and a finished product after the viral…

A: let's break down the reasoning behind identifying the viruses based on the provided diagrams and…

Q: For the mutations described below, categorize them in each of the following ways: [transition,…

A: Understanding the nature of mutations is crucial in comprehending their effects on organisms and…

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A: The Kidney is one of the major organs of excretion present in the body. The basic unit of the…

Q: The same DNA sequence may code for more than one polypeptide. Which one of the following is not used…

A: The pre-mRNA undergoes various rounds of processing so that it is ready for translation into a…

Q: Chemical composition analysis of a viral genome showed 22.1% A, 27.9% C, 27.9% G, and 22.1% U. Based…

A: Given base composition is: Adenine = 22.1% Cytosine = 27.9% Guanine = 27.9% Thymine = 22.1 %