Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 28ESP
Assume that the sequence of bases shown below is present on one
- (a) If the RNA primer consists of eight nucleotides, what is its base sequence?
- (b) In the intact RNA primer, which nucleotide has a free 3′-OH terminus?
3′.......GGCTACCTGGATTCA....5′
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A solution contains DNA polymerase and the Mg ²+ salts of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and TTP. The following DNA molecules are added to aliquots of this solution. Which of them would lead to DNA synthesis? (a) A single-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide units. (b) A double-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide pairs. (c) A single-stranded closed circle of 1000 nucleotides base-paired to a linear strand of 500 nucleotides with a free 3' -OH terminus. (d) A double-stranded linear molecule of 1000 nucleotide pairs with a free 3’-OH group at each end.
Write the sequence of the complementary DNA strand that pairs with each of the following DNA base sequences:(a) TTAGCC(b) AGACAT
The base analog 5-bromouracil undergoes tautomerization. One tautomer behaves like thymine, and the other behaves like cytosine. If 5-bromouracil is incorporated in the DNA, what is the minimum number of cycle(s) of DNA replication that must occur to mutate the codon for proline (CCC) into the codon for serine (TCC)?
A) one cycle
B) two cycles
C) three cycles
D) 5-bromouracil cannot induce this mutation
Chapter 11 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 11 - In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, which of the...Ch. 11 - An alien organism was investigated. When DNA...Ch. 11 - Why might mutations in genes encoding telomerase...Ch. 11 - Although the brother is an immunologically matched...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3CSCh. 11 - HOW DOWE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 11 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 11 - Compare conservative, semiconservative, and...Ch. 11 - Describe the role of 15N in the MeselsonStahl...Ch. 11 - Predict the results of the experiment by Taylor,...
Ch. 11 - What are the requirements for in vitro synthesis...Ch. 11 - In Kornbergs initial experiments, it was rumored...Ch. 11 - How did Kornberg assess the fidelity of DNA...Ch. 11 - Which characteristics of DNA polymerase I raised...Ch. 11 - Kornberg showed that nucleotides are added to the...Ch. 11 - What was the significance of the polA1 mutation?Ch. 11 - Summarize and compare the properties of DNA...Ch. 11 - List and describe the function of the ten subunits...Ch. 11 - Distinguish between (a) unidirectional and...Ch. 11 - List the proteins that unwind DNA during in vivo...Ch. 11 - Define and indicate the significance of (a)...Ch. 11 - Outline the current model for DNA synthesis.Ch. 11 - Why is DNA synthesis expected to be more complex...Ch. 11 - Suppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of...Ch. 11 - Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of E....Ch. 11 - While many commonly used antibiotics interfere...Ch. 11 - Describe the end-replication problem in...Ch. 11 - Many of the gene products involved in DNA...Ch. 11 - In 1994, telomerase activity was discovered in...Ch. 11 - The genome of D. melanogaster consists of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 11 - DNA polymerases in all organisms add only 5...Ch. 11 - Assume that the sequence of bases shown below is...Ch. 11 - Reiji and Tuneko Okazaki conducted a now classic...Ch. 11 - Consider the drawing of a dinucleotide below. (a)...Ch. 11 - To gauge the fidelity of DNA synthesis, Arthur...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The base analog 5-bromouracil (5BU), which sterically resembles thymine, more readily undergoes tautomerization from its keto form to its enol form than does thymine. 5BU can be incorporated into newly synthesized DNA when it pairs with adenine on the template strand. However, the enol form of 5BU pairs with guanine rather than adenine. (a) Draw the 5BU · G base pair. (b) What type of mutation results?arrow_forwardThe following diagrams represent DNA molecules that are undergoing replication. Draw in the strands of newly synthesized DNA and identify (a) the polarity of the newly synthesized strands, (b) the leading and lagging strands, (c) Okazaki fragments, and (d) RNA primers.arrow_forward(d) Write down the sequences of the templates that would give the tetranucleotides shown in I and II. In each case, label the 5' and 3' ends and indicate which template base is used first. (e) What difference would it make to bidirectional DNA replication if both modes of chain extension were equally favourable? I IIarrow_forward
- In the following sequence, a cytosine was deaminated and is now a uracil (underlined). 5’-GGTAUTAAGC-3’ a. Which repair pathway(s) could restore this uracil to cytosine? b. If the uracil is not removed before a DNA replication fork passes through, what will be the sequences of the two resulting double helices? Provide the sequences of both strands of both helices. Label the old and new strands and underline the mutation(s). c. Could the mismatch repair pathway fix the mutations you’ve indicated in part b? d. If the cell undergoes mitosis, and the replicated DNAs are distributed into the two daughter cells. Will 0, 1, or 2 daughter cells have a mutation in this sequence?arrow_forwardA lagging strand is sketched below. The Okazaki fragment DNA is red, and the RNA primers are dashed orange lines. a) Which Okazaki fragment was made first, A, B, or C? b) When ligase joins fragments A and B, will it act at arrow 1, 2, or both?arrow_forwardAs shown, five DnaA boxes are found within the origin of replication in E. coli. Take a look at these five sequences carefully. A. Are the sequences of the five DnaA boxes very similar to each other? (Hint: Remember that DNA is double-stranded; think about these sequences in the forward and reverse directions.) B. What is the most common sequence for a DnaA box? In other words, what is the most common base in the first position, second position, and so on until the ninth position? The most common sequence is called the consensus sequence. C. The E. coli chromosome is about 4.6 million bp long. Based on random chance, is it likely that the consensus sequence for a DnaA box occurs elsewhere in the E. coli chromosome? If so, why aren’t there multiple origins of replication in E. coli?arrow_forward
- The following diagram represents a DNA molecule that is undergoing replication. Draw in the strands of newly synthesized DNA and identify (a) the polarity of the newly synthesized strands, (b) the leading and lagging strands, (c) Okazaki fragments, and (d) RNA primers.arrow_forwardA deamination occurs on the cytosine residue in the following DNA sequence. This cytosine residue happens to be methylated on the 5-position of the aromatic ring. 5'-GCATGG-3'. (Note: the top strand is shown; this is the strand where the deamination occurs.) If the mutation is not repaired, and a round of DNA replication occurs, then the sequence of the newly- replicated complementary strand (i.e., the bottom strand) will be: A. 5'-CCATGC-3 B. 5'-CCATAC-3' C. 5'-CATACC-3' D. 5'-GTATGG-3' E. None of the abovearrow_forwardDeoxyadenylate residues in DNA undergo deamination fairly readily, as do deoxycytidylate residues. (a) What is the product of dAMP deamination? (b) The deamination product is known to base-pair with A, C, or T. What would be the genetic consequences if this deaminated site in DNA were not repaired and if it paired with C on the next round of replication?arrow_forward
- Depurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand. Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA... Question 7 Select one or more: a) ...TAGT... ...ATCA... b) ...TACT... ...ATGA... c)...TAAT... ...ATTA... d) ...TAAT... ...AT_A... . e) ...TA_T... ...ATAA... f)...TATT... ...ATAA...arrow_forwardDepurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand. Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA... Question 7 Select one or more: ...TAGT... ...ATCA... 1. ...TACT... ...ATGA... 2. ...TAAT... ...ATTA... 3. ...TAAT... ...AT_A... 4. ...TA_T... ...ATAA... 5. ...TATT... ...ATAA...arrow_forwardAssume the following DNA template strand: 3'-ATA GCG AGG AGT ATC-5' A) What would be the protein associated with this DNA template strand? Give the sequence of amino acids encoded by this fragment. Leave traces of your steps. B) In the synthesis of this protein, what are the codon and the anticodon for? Explain in one sentence for each. C) We find, in another cell, a mutation of this DNA template strand: 3' ATA GCG TGG AGT ATC-5’ 1. What type of point mutation is it? 2. Did this mutation arise during transcription, translation or DNA replication? D) If this mutation is found in a spermatozoon, will it have an effect on the individual, its offspring or both? Briefly explainarrow_forward
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