Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 2NST
An alien organism was investigated. When
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Explain how cells activate nucleic acids for polymerization.
Explain why DNA is stable and why its structure dictates its replication mechanism.
Explain why many RNA molecules exhibit tertiary structure, while most DNA molecules do not.
Explain how DNA replication occurs from structural and enzymatic perspectives.
Develop an understanding of nucleic acid biology outside a natural biological context (such as PCR, etc.)
Escherichia coli (E. coli) has one replication origin that contains specific genomic sequences
scattering over a 245 base pair region. List the mechanistic steps that can unwind a segment
of DNA at the origin of replication site to initiate the DNA replication.
Describe the process of DNA replication as if explaining it to a fellow classmate. Imagine there is an unlabelled diagram in front of you to guide your explanation. (Try to include as many relevant proteins and concepts as possible to help demonstrate an understanding, eg. DNA Helicase, Okazaki Fragments, etc).
Chapter 11 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 11 - In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, which of the...Ch. 11 - An alien organism was investigated. When DNA...Ch. 11 - Why might mutations in genes encoding telomerase...Ch. 11 - Although the brother is an immunologically matched...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3CSCh. 11 - HOW DOWE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 11 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 11 - Compare conservative, semiconservative, and...Ch. 11 - Describe the role of 15N in the MeselsonStahl...Ch. 11 - Predict the results of the experiment by Taylor,...
Ch. 11 - What are the requirements for in vitro synthesis...Ch. 11 - In Kornbergs initial experiments, it was rumored...Ch. 11 - How did Kornberg assess the fidelity of DNA...Ch. 11 - Which characteristics of DNA polymerase I raised...Ch. 11 - Kornberg showed that nucleotides are added to the...Ch. 11 - What was the significance of the polA1 mutation?Ch. 11 - Summarize and compare the properties of DNA...Ch. 11 - List and describe the function of the ten subunits...Ch. 11 - Distinguish between (a) unidirectional and...Ch. 11 - List the proteins that unwind DNA during in vivo...Ch. 11 - Define and indicate the significance of (a)...Ch. 11 - Outline the current model for DNA synthesis.Ch. 11 - Why is DNA synthesis expected to be more complex...Ch. 11 - Suppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of...Ch. 11 - Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of E....Ch. 11 - While many commonly used antibiotics interfere...Ch. 11 - Describe the end-replication problem in...Ch. 11 - Many of the gene products involved in DNA...Ch. 11 - In 1994, telomerase activity was discovered in...Ch. 11 - The genome of D. melanogaster consists of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 11 - DNA polymerases in all organisms add only 5...Ch. 11 - Assume that the sequence of bases shown below is...Ch. 11 - Reiji and Tuneko Okazaki conducted a now classic...Ch. 11 - Consider the drawing of a dinucleotide below. (a)...Ch. 11 - To gauge the fidelity of DNA synthesis, Arthur...
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- The steps listed below are necessary in order to of copy double-stranded DNA. Place them in order from first to last. Note that all or only a some steps may be used. 1: Synthesis is initiated on the 3-hydroxyl group of the primer. 2: Two strands of a duplex DNA molecule are separated. 3: DNA polymerase makes a DNA chain using an existing chain as a template. 4: A primer base-pairs with the complementary region of the DNA to be copied. 5: A primer base-pairs with the okazaki fragment of the DNA to be copied. 1,2,3,4 4,1,2,5, 3 2,4,1,3 2,4,3,1 3,4,1,2 2,4,3,5,1arrow_forwardName an important difference in the replication of circular DNA versus linear double-stranded DNA.arrow_forwardAn alien organism was investigated. When DNA replicationwas studied, a unique feature was apparent: NoOkazaki fragments were observed. Create a model of DNAthat is consistent with this observation.arrow_forward
- In both leading and lagging strand synthesis, DNA replication always proceeds in a certain direction. What direction is this? Explain how oligonucleotide primers in the Polymerase Chain Reaction work (PCR)arrow_forwardIs it unusual that the β-subunits of DNA polymerase III that form a sliding clamp along the DNA do not contain the active site for the polymerization reaction? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardSingle-stranded binding proteins (SSBPs) bind to single-stranded DNA at the replication fork and prevent formation of short hairpin sequences that would otherwise impede DNA synthesis. What sorts of sequences in single-stranded DNA might be able to form a hairpin? Write out an example of a sequence that could form a 5-nucleotide hairpin loop, and draw it.arrow_forward
- An Investigator obtains a bacterial temperature-sensitive mutation that affects a step in the process of DNA replication at 42°C but not at 30°C. She grows the cells at 30°C and, upon shifting the temperature to 42 C, she discovers that Okazaki fragments accumulate in unusually large quantities. What is the likely target affected by the temperature-sensitive mutation? DNA gyrase DNA polymerase II O DNA Ligase O primase DNA helicasearrow_forwardWhich statement below best describes what these data might have demonstrated to Kornberg about the process of replication? CHOOSE ONE and explain the rationale behind your answer in a minimum of four sentences. A. Products of replication are DNA polymers. B. DNA Pol I-mediated replication is a high-fidelity (i.e., no mistakes) process C. DNA Pol III-mediated replication gives rise to two daughter strands, one which is made of only the original templates, and one of which is only newly synthesized polymer. D. In DNA, all 4 classes of nitrogenous bases are more or less equally represented E. A pairs with T and C pairs with Garrow_forwardLook at the double-stranded segment of DNA shown below. Imagine that the two strands have already been denatured, and the temperature has been decreased to an appropriate annealing temperature. Show where the two primers would anneal to the strands, then indicate the direction of extension on each new strand with an arrow. 5’--T C A G G A C G T A A G C T T G C A T A T C T C G A T G C T A A A T C A T—3’ 3’--A G T C C T G C A T T C G A A C G T A T A G A G C T A C G A T T T A G T A—5’ Primer #1: 3’ A C G A T T T 5’ Primer #2: 5’ G G A C G T A 3’arrow_forward
- Identify the false statements. There may be more than one correct answer. A) The binding of DNA to a spin column membrane is altered by elution buffer. B) High quality DNA must be pure. C) DNA that is broken into very small pieces can still be high quality. D) Pure DNA must also be of high quality.arrow_forwardMatch the following descriptions with the enzymes involved in DNA replication. 1. Adds an RNA primer to begin elongation 2. Removes the RNA primer from the beginning of the newly constructed strands 3. Splices lagging strand segments 4. Cleaves the rung of the DNA double helix ladder Description: DNA DNA Helicase Primase Enzyme: Polymerase Ligasearrow_forwardUsing the same experimental setup as in the original Meselson and Stahl experiment, predict the bands (heavy, light or intermediate) that you would observe after one round of replication if DNA polymerase replicated the bacterial genome by the conservative model of replication. Draw and explain your prediction.arrow_forward
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