Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 20PDQ
Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of E. coli display the following characteristics. Predict what enzyme or function is being affected by each mutation.
- (a) Newly synthesized DNA contains many mismatched base pairs.
- (b) Okazaki fragments accumulate, and DNA synthesis is never completed.
- (c) No initiation occurs.
- (d) Synthesis is very slow.
- (e) Supercoiled strands remain after replication, which is never completed.
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(a) What will be the problem during DNA replication if the enzyme primase becomes non-functional?
(b) In which step of the central dogma is the genetic information of DNA copied into new DNA strands?
(c) Which of the following codons is a start codon: GCU, AUG or UGA?
a) Under normal conditions E. coli produces three DNA polymerases. State their functional similarities and differences.
b) List the other proteins and enzymes involved in DNA replication in E.coli and give their functions.
The following diagrams represent DNA molecules that are undergoing replication. Draw in the strands of newly synthesized DNA and identify (a) the polarity of the newly synthesized strands, (b) the leading and lagging strands, (c) Okazaki fragments, and (d) RNA primers.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 11 - In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, which of the...Ch. 11 - An alien organism was investigated. When DNA...Ch. 11 - Why might mutations in genes encoding telomerase...Ch. 11 - Although the brother is an immunologically matched...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3CSCh. 11 - HOW DOWE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 11 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 11 - Compare conservative, semiconservative, and...Ch. 11 - Describe the role of 15N in the MeselsonStahl...Ch. 11 - Predict the results of the experiment by Taylor,...
Ch. 11 - What are the requirements for in vitro synthesis...Ch. 11 - In Kornbergs initial experiments, it was rumored...Ch. 11 - How did Kornberg assess the fidelity of DNA...Ch. 11 - Which characteristics of DNA polymerase I raised...Ch. 11 - Kornberg showed that nucleotides are added to the...Ch. 11 - What was the significance of the polA1 mutation?Ch. 11 - Summarize and compare the properties of DNA...Ch. 11 - List and describe the function of the ten subunits...Ch. 11 - Distinguish between (a) unidirectional and...Ch. 11 - List the proteins that unwind DNA during in vivo...Ch. 11 - Define and indicate the significance of (a)...Ch. 11 - Outline the current model for DNA synthesis.Ch. 11 - Why is DNA synthesis expected to be more complex...Ch. 11 - Suppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of...Ch. 11 - Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of E....Ch. 11 - While many commonly used antibiotics interfere...Ch. 11 - Describe the end-replication problem in...Ch. 11 - Many of the gene products involved in DNA...Ch. 11 - In 1994, telomerase activity was discovered in...Ch. 11 - The genome of D. melanogaster consists of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 11 - DNA polymerases in all organisms add only 5...Ch. 11 - Assume that the sequence of bases shown below is...Ch. 11 - Reiji and Tuneko Okazaki conducted a now classic...Ch. 11 - Consider the drawing of a dinucleotide below. (a)...Ch. 11 - To gauge the fidelity of DNA synthesis, Arthur...
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- (a) Eukaryotic DNA replication is more complex than prokaryotic replication. Give one reason why this should be so. (b) Why might eukaryotic cells need more kinds of DNA polymerases than bacteria?arrow_forwardLocate as accurately as possible the listed items that are shown on the following figure. Some items are not shown. (a) 5′ end of DNA template strand; (b) 3′ end of mRNA; (c) ribosome; (d) promoter; (e) codon; (f) an amino acid; (g) DNA polymerase; (h) 5′ UTR; (i) centromere; (j) intron; (k) anticodon; (l) N terminus; (m) 5′ end of charged tRNA; (n) RNA polymerase; (o) 3′ end of uncharged tRNA; (p) a nucleotide; (q) mRNA cap; (r) peptide bond; (s) P site; (t) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; (u) hydrogen bond; (v) exon; (w) 5′ AUG 3′; (x) potential wobble interaction.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FLASE a) DNA positively supercoils during replication and negatively supercoils in transcription. b) The proteins and other substances that bind to the DNA rely mostly on covalent interaction to deliver the effects on the DNA.arrow_forward
- 1) How many bases are found (on one of the strands) in a single twist of a DNA helix: a) 3.4 b) 10 d) 0.34 2)Which of the following is a correct representation of a segment of DNA: a) I b) I and III c) IV and V 3)Consider the following sequence: 5' - AUGGCUACAGAUAGCUGGGGCUGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..3'Translated, the corresponding protein contains how many amino acids: a) 6 b) 7 c) 8arrow_forwardDeamination of adenine results in the formation of hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine selectively base pairs with cytosine. If this error is not corrected, what base pair can the original A·T base pair be converted to after cycles of DNA replication?a) G·C b) C·G c) T·A d) A·Garrow_forwardDefine and indicate the significance of (a) Okazaki fragments,(b) DNA ligase, and (c) primer RNA during DNA replication.arrow_forward
- 1) How many bases are found (on one of the strands) in a single twist of a DNA helix: a) 3.4 b) 10 c) 2 d) 0.34 1)Consider the following sequence: 5' - AUGGCUACAGAUAGCUGGGGCUGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..3'Translated, the corresponding protein contains how many amino acids: a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 13arrow_forwardAssume the following DNA template strand: 3'-ATA GCG AGG AGT ATC-5' A) What would be the protein associated with this DNA template strand? Give the sequence of amino acids encoded by this fragment. Leave traces of your steps. B) In the synthesis of this protein, what are the codon and the anticodon for? Explain in one sentence for each. C) We find, in another cell, a mutation of this DNA template strand: 3' ATA GCG TGG AGT ATC-5’ 1. What type of point mutation is it? 2. Did this mutation arise during transcription, translation or DNA replication? D) If this mutation is found in a spermatozoon, will it have an effect on the individual, its offspring or both? Briefly explainarrow_forwardDNA ligase has the ability to relax supercoiled circular DNA in the presence of AMP but not in its absence. (a) What is the mechanism of this reaction, and why does it depend on AMP? (b) How could you determine that supercoiled DNA had in fact been relaxed?arrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE a) The 2 chains composing one double helix run in opposite directions; they are antiparallel (one is 5’->3’ and the other 3’->5’). b) DNA molecules can perform their function in replication and transcription as long as the hydrogen bonds between the bases remain intact.arrow_forward18) UV radiation damages DNA by causing... a) frame-shift mutations b) base substitutions c) bonds between neighboring Thymine bases - "thymine dimers" d) unzipping of the DNA molecue e) all of thesearrow_forward(61) A 61-year old woman comes to the physician because of scarring acne vulgaris that has not been responsive to topical medication. Oral tetracycline is prescribed . Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action of this drug? (A) Blockage of DNA gyrase (B) Destruction of active transport membrane transport (C) Inhibition of aminoacyl-RNA binding to bacterial ribosomes (D) Interference with the action of peptidyl transferase (E) Interferance with translocation reactionarrow_forward
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