Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 6CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The results of an experiment which involves taking two pieces of string of a given length, forming a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coil, creating supercoils by fixing one end of the coil, and observing the following:
A. Change in the number of turns by introducing three more turns.
B. Handedness of the coil.
C. Formation of supercoils, if any, on introducing three turns.
D. Degree of similarity between real DNA and the model after adding rubber cement and allowing it to harden.
Introduction:
Supercoiling is a method used for packaging DNA inside the cell nucleus (in eukaryotes) or into a nucleoid (in bacteria). It involves twisting the DNA coil on itself. Depending on the direction in which the coil is twisted, the supercoil can be positive or negative.
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Take two pieces of string that are approximately 10 inches long,and create a double helix by wrapping them around each other tomake 10 complete turns. Tape one end of the strings to a table, andnow twist the strings three times (360° each time) in a righthanded direction. Note: As you are looking down at the stringsfrom above, a right-handed twist is in the clockwise direction.A. Did the three turns create more or fewer turns in your doublehelix? How many turns does your double helix have after youtwisted it?B. Is your double helix right-handed or left-handed? Explain youranswer.C. Did the three turns create any supercoils?D. If you had coated your double helix with rubber cement andallowed the cement to dry before making the three additionalright-handed turns, would the rubber cement make it more orless likely for the three turns to create supercoiling? Would apair of cemented strings be more or less like a real DNA doublehelix than an uncemented pair of strings? Explain your answer
Identify the leading and lagging strands for each (A through D) in the figure below.
origin
A
51
3'
3'
Make a side-by-side drawing of two DNA helices: one with 10 bpper 360° turn and the other with 15 bp per 360° turn.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 10.1 - 1. A bacterial chromosome typically contains
a. a...Ch. 10.2 - Mechanisms that make the bacterial chromosome more...Ch. 10.2 - 2. Negative supercoiling may enhance activities...Ch. 10.2 - 3. DNA gyrase
a. promotes negative supercoiling....Ch. 10.3 - 1. The chromosomes of eukaryotes typically contain...Ch. 10.4 - Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 10.5 - What are the components of a single nucleosome? a....Ch. 10.5 - 2. In Noll’s experiment to test the...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 10.5 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 10.6 - 2. The role of cohesin is to
a. make chromosomes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 10 - 3. Describe the mechanisms by which bacterial DNA...Ch. 10 - Why is DNA supercoiling called supercoiling rather...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 10 - 10. What is the function of a centromere? At what...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 10 - 12. Describe the structures of a nucleosome and a...Ch. 10 - Beginning with the G1 phase of the cell cycle,...Ch. 10 - Draw a picture depicting the binding between the...Ch. 10 - 15. Compare heterochromatin and euchromatin. What...Ch. 10 - 16. Compare the structure and cell localization of...Ch. 10 - 17. What types of genetic activities occur during...Ch. 10 - Lets assume the linker region of DNA averages 54bp...Ch. 10 - 19. In Figure 10.12, what are we looking at in...Ch. 10 - 20. What are the roles of the core histone...Ch. 10 - A typical eukaryotic chromosome found in humans...Ch. 10 - Which of the following terms should not be used to...Ch. 10 - Discuss the differences between the compaction...Ch. 10 - 24. What is an SMC complex? Describe two...Ch. 10 - Two circular DNA molecules, which we can call...Ch. 10 - 2. Let’s suppose you have isolated DNA from a cell...Ch. 10 - 3. We seem to know more about the structure of...Ch. 10 - In Nolls experiment of Figure 10.11, explain where...Ch. 10 - When chromatin is treated with a salt solution of...Ch. 10 - 6. Let’s suppose you have isolated chromatin from...Ch. 10 - If you were given a sample of chromosomal DNA and...Ch. 10 - Consider how histone proteins bind to DNA and then...Ch. 10 - In Chapter 23, the technique of fluorescence in...Ch. 10 - Bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes are very...Ch. 10 - The prevalence of highly repetitive sequences...Ch. 10 - Discuss and make a list of the similarities and...
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- A B-DNA molecule has 1 million nucleotide pairs. How many complete turns of the helix are there in this molecule?arrow_forwardThe two sides of the DNA double helix are connected by pairs of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Because of the geometric shape of these molecules, adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine. The figure below shows the bonding of thymine and adenine. Each charge shown is +e or - e, and the H-N distance is 0.110 nm. (a) Calculate the net force that thymine exerts on adenine. Is it attractive or repulsive? To keep the calculations fairly simple, yet reasonable, consider only the forces due to the O- H-N and the N-H-N combinations, assuming that these two combinations are parallel to each other. Remember, however, that in the O-H-N set, the O- exerts a force on both the H+ and the N-, and likewise along the N–H-N set. (b) Calculate the force on the electron in the hydrogen atom, which is 0.0529 nm from the proton. Then compare the strength of the bonding force of the electron in hydrogen with the bonding force of the adenine-thymine molecules (H (H (H)…arrow_forwardIf the ratio of (A+G)/(T+C)=0.7 in one strand of the DNA, what is the same ratio in complementary strand? Answer Format: (Number only in two decimal places) *arrow_forward
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