Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 5CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effect of inhibiting DNA gyrase activity in bacteria.
Introduction:
Topoisomerases are a special class of enzymes usually involved in removing supercoils from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to relieve the torsional stress caused by the twisting of the DNA coil. DNA gyrase is a bacterial enzyme.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 10.1 - 1. A bacterial chromosome typically contains
a. a...Ch. 10.2 - Mechanisms that make the bacterial chromosome more...Ch. 10.2 - 2. Negative supercoiling may enhance activities...Ch. 10.2 - 3. DNA gyrase
a. promotes negative supercoiling....Ch. 10.3 - 1. The chromosomes of eukaryotes typically contain...Ch. 10.4 - Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 10.5 - What are the components of a single nucleosome? a....Ch. 10.5 - 2. In Noll’s experiment to test the...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 10.5 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 10.6 - 2. The role of cohesin is to
a. make chromosomes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 10 - 3. Describe the mechanisms by which bacterial DNA...Ch. 10 - Why is DNA supercoiling called supercoiling rather...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 10 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 10 - 10. What is the function of a centromere? At what...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 10 - 12. Describe the structures of a nucleosome and a...Ch. 10 - Beginning with the G1 phase of the cell cycle,...Ch. 10 - Draw a picture depicting the binding between the...Ch. 10 - 15. Compare heterochromatin and euchromatin. What...Ch. 10 - 16. Compare the structure and cell localization of...Ch. 10 - 17. What types of genetic activities occur during...Ch. 10 - Lets assume the linker region of DNA averages 54bp...Ch. 10 - 19. In Figure 10.12, what are we looking at in...Ch. 10 - 20. What are the roles of the core histone...Ch. 10 - A typical eukaryotic chromosome found in humans...Ch. 10 - Which of the following terms should not be used to...Ch. 10 - Discuss the differences between the compaction...Ch. 10 - 24. What is an SMC complex? Describe two...Ch. 10 - Two circular DNA molecules, which we can call...Ch. 10 - 2. Let’s suppose you have isolated DNA from a cell...Ch. 10 - 3. We seem to know more about the structure of...Ch. 10 - In Nolls experiment of Figure 10.11, explain where...Ch. 10 - When chromatin is treated with a salt solution of...Ch. 10 - 6. Let’s suppose you have isolated chromatin from...Ch. 10 - If you were given a sample of chromosomal DNA and...Ch. 10 - Consider how histone proteins bind to DNA and then...Ch. 10 - In Chapter 23, the technique of fluorescence in...Ch. 10 - Bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes are very...Ch. 10 - The prevalence of highly repetitive sequences...Ch. 10 - Discuss and make a list of the similarities and...
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- CTP synthetase catalyzes the glutamine-dependent conversion of UTP to CTP. The enzyme is allosterically inhibited by the product, CTP. Mamma- lian cells defective in this allosteric inhibition are found to have a complex phenotype: They require thymidine in the growth medium, they have unbal- anced nucleotide pools, and they have an elevated spontaneous mutation rate. Explain the likely basis for these observations.arrow_forwardRifamycins have been used for the treatment of many diseases, including HIV-related Tuberculosis. Explain how Rifamycins inhibit the activities of bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardAzidothymidine is a Thymidine analog used to inhibit viral reverse transcriptase. Explain the application of this nucleoside analog as an antiviral drug and how it affects reverse transcription and therefore block the ability of the virus to hijack the host cellarrow_forward
- Some antibiotic drugs fight infection by interfering with DNA replication, transcription, or translation in bacteria. Indicate whether each of the following antibiotic drug effects is on replication, transcription, or translation. HINT Each answer (replication, transcription, and translation) is used only once for the following: a. Rifampin binds to bacterial RNA polymerase. b. Streptomycin binds bacterial ribosomes, disabling them. c. Quinolone blocks an enzyme that prevents bacterial DNA from unwinding.arrow_forwardNorflaxacin is a cidal broad spectrum antibiotic that functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase in gram +/- cells. (DNA gyrase reverses supercoiling which occurs when DNA is unwound during replication). Why does Norflaxacin harm infecting bacteria but not human cells?arrow_forwardZidovudine and Stavudine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors which consists of a deoxythymidine analogue. Show an outline of a general synthetic protocol to produce an analogue within this series.arrow_forward
- Direct repair of pyrimidine dimer formation in E. Coli can be accomplished by nucleotide excision. true or false?arrow_forwardSeveral common antibiotics affect some strains of bacteria's ability to carry out transcription and/or translation. For example: Rifamycin inhibits prokaryotic RNA polymerase Chloramphenicol blocks the transfer of the peptide from the P to A site. a) For each of these drugs, identify at what point it could affect the process of DNA->RNA->protein. Be as specific as possible. b) Why do you think these drugs kill bacteria but spare animal cells? (Hint: remember bacteria are prokaryotes)arrow_forwardNH NH но но NH HO но Deoxythymidine Zidovudine Stavudine Zidovudine and Stavudine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors which consists of a deoxythymidine analogue. Show an outline of a general synthetic protocol to produce an analogue within this series.arrow_forward
- A conjugate was incubated with a mixture of lysosomal enzymes and no drug release was observed in these conditions. The same conjugate was tested for antitumor activity in vivo and an anticancer effect was observed. Taking into account the information provided above, hypothesize a possible mechanism of action for this conjugate.arrow_forwardWhy are structural analogs of sugar molecules (such as Oseltamivir and zanamivir) effective in treatment of influenza-virus infection?arrow_forwardMammalian cells growing in culture were labeled with [3H]-thymidineto estimate the rate of DNA synthesis. The thymidine administered had aspecific activity of 3000 cpm/pmol. At intervals, samples of culture weretaken and acidified to precipitate nucleic acids. The rate of incorporation ofisotope into DNA was 1500 cpm/106 cells /min. A portion of culture wastaken to determine the specific activity of the intracellular dTTP pool, whichwas found to be 600 cpm/pmol.(a) What fraction of the intracellular dTTP is synthesized from the exogenous precursor?(b) What is the rate of DNA synthesis, in molecules per minute per cell ofthymine nucleotides incorporated into DNA?(c) How could you determine the specific activity of the dTTP pool?arrow_forward
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