Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter ST.1, Problem 1DQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The advantages of CRISPR-Cas over previously used genome-editing technologies, including ZFNs and TALENs.
Introduction: The methods of gene editing involve the use of specifically engineered nucleases that allow researchers to create changes in a specific sequence to modify genes.
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Now that you understand how the CRISPR-Cas9 system works, think back to the experiments discussed in the introduction to this chapter, in which researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to treat mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Why did the researchers choose to cut out the entire exon 23 in the mice with the disorder? Why not replace the specific mutation using a donor piece of DNA and homologous recombination? Propose some possible explanations.
Which two molecules are necessary for every CRISPR gene editing experiment?
What additional molecule is needed for gene editing using homology directed repair (HDR) that is not needed for
non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)?
What methods are used to introduce these molecules into the cells that are being targeted for gene editing?
Chapter ST Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between innate immunity and...Ch. ST.1 - What evidence demonstrates that CRISPR-Cas is an...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.1 - Why was the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system of S....Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.1 - What is a single guide RNA, and what role does it...Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between nonhomologous...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 1DQ
Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.1 - What ethical and safety considerations must be...Ch. ST.1 - Recall (from Chapter 18) how miRNAs and the...Ch. ST.1 - Describe two different ways in which engineered...Ch. ST.1 - Consider the following human genetic diseases:...Ch. ST.1 - What are the different concerns about off-target...Ch. ST.2 - What is VNTR profiling, and what are the...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.2 - Describe capillary electrophoresis. How does this...Ch. ST.2 - What are the advantages and limitations of...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.2 - Explain why mitochondrial DNA profiling is often...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.2 - Describe the database system known as CODIS. What...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.2 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.2 - Given the possibility that synthetic DNA could be...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.2 - If you were acting as a defense lawyer in a murder...Ch. ST.2 - The phenomena of somatic mosaicism and chimerism...Ch. ST.3 - What is pharmacogenomics, and how does it differ...Ch. ST.3 - Describe how the drug Herceptin works. What types...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.3 - Why is it necessary to examine gene-expression...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.3 - How can we ensure that a patients privacy is...Ch. ST.3 - As gene tests and genomic sequences become more...Ch. ST.4 - How do genetically modified organisms compare with...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.4 - Describe the mechanisms by which the Cry proteins...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.4 - Describe how plants can be transformed using...Ch. ST.4 - How do positive and negative selection techniques...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.4 - What are the laws regulating the development,...Ch. ST.4 - Do you think that foods containing GM ingredients...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.5 - What is gene therapy?Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.5 - When treating a person by gene therapy, is it...Ch. ST.5 - Describe two ways that therapeutic genes can be...Ch. ST.5 - Explain how viral vectors can be used for gene...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.5 - Explain an example of a successful gene therapy...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 11RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.5 - Who should be treated by gene therapy? What...Ch. ST.5 - The lifetime costs for treatment of conditions...Ch. ST.5 - Should CRISPR-Cas or other techniques be used for...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 5DQCh. ST.6 - What are RFLP markers and how were they used to...Ch. ST.6 - Why was information from Nancy Wexlers large...Ch. ST.6 - How do aggregates of mHTT protein form?Ch. ST.6 - Why are the results from the inducible mouse model...Ch. ST.6 - Based on the results from mouse models, is it...Ch. ST.6 - What do the results from creating transgenic mice...Ch. ST.6 - What steps lead from the binding of the mHTT...Ch. ST.6 - Summarize the approaches to therapy designed to...Ch. ST.6 - There are nine known progressive neurodegenerative...Ch. ST.6 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.6 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.6 - Why is there an inverse correlation between the...Ch. ST.6 - Discuss the ethical issues raised by the use a...
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- What advantages do cDNA libraries provide over genomic DNA libraries? Describe cloning applications where the use of a genomic library is necessary to provide information that a cDNA library cannot.arrow_forwardWhat is the significance of digesting the 16S rRNA product in 16s gene sequencing?arrow_forwardYou would like to use a CRISPR-Cas system to knockout a gene that includes the following sequence: 5'-CATACGAGCGACGACGCATTACGTGGACGTATACACTACATA-3' 3'-GTATGCTCGCTGCTGCGTAATGCACCTGCATATGTGATGTAT-5' You have designed a guide RNA sequence with the sequence 5'- UACGAGCGACGACGCAUUACG-3' to work with a Cas9 protein to edit this sequence. List the sequence of a three nucleotide Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) that you will need to include in the guide RNA that can be used by this particular CRISPR-associated protein? Note: the sequence will be different from the PAM sequence that we were working with in the CRISPR lab because we are using Cas proteins from other bacteria.arrow_forward
- What are CRISPR-associated (cas) genes ?arrow_forwardBesides the great potential of gene editing, what are the biggest risks?  How do scientist test to ensure their gene editing experiments target only the desired specific genes?arrow_forwardCodon optimization is a widely used process for recombinant expression in prokaryotic systems. Regarding this process, mark the incorrect alternative. * A)increases the overall yield of expression of recombinant proteins. B)prevents the formation of truncated proteins. C)increases the frequency of tRNAs that recognize rare codons. D)does not interfere with the primary sequence of the recombinant protein.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a correct statement about CRISPR-Cas-9 gene editing? Group of answer choices A single guide RNA (sgRNA) recognizes a genomic region followed by 5'-NGG-3' PAM sequence A single guide RNA (sgRNA) recognizes a genomic region followed by a long sequence palindrome repeat A single guide DNA (sgDNA) recognizes a genomic region followed by 5'-NGG-3' PAM sequence PAM sequences induce single stranded breaks that are then repaired by the CAS-9 enzymearrow_forwardThe following illustrates a jagged double-strand DNA break resulting from Cas9 cleavage that occurred in the first step of genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology: 5'-GCGCCGTCC 3'-CGCGGC CTGTCAGGCGACACT-3' AGGGACAGTCCGCTGTGA-5' Which of the double-stranded DNA sequences listed below (A-D) is expected to result from repair of the break above via non-homologous end joining? Note: this question is not asking what kinds of mutations result from NHEJ repair of Cas9 cleavage in general, but specifically what is expected to result from repair of the jagged cut illustrated above? In the answer choices below, sequences that are the same in all four options are shown in bold to help you spot the differences. A. 5'-GCGCCGCTGTCAGGCGACACT-3' 3'-CGCGGCGACAGTCCGCTGTGA-5' B. 5'-GCGCCGTCTGTCAGGCGACACT-3 3'-CGCGGCAGACAGTCCGCTGTGA-5' C. 5'-GCGCCGTCCCTGTCAGGCGACACT-3' 3'-CGCGGCAGGGACAGTCCGCTGTGA-5' D. 5'-GCGCCGAGACTGTCAGGCGACACT-3' 3'-CGCGGCTCTGACAGTCCGCTGTGA-5'arrow_forwardWhat are some ways that CRISPR-Cas systems have been enhanced and modified to provide additional functions?arrow_forward
- What is the main reason for using a cDNA library rather than a genomic library to isolate a human gene from which you wish to make large quantities of the human protein in bacteria? How will you identify clones of interest?arrow_forwardWhy is genome editing by CRISPR-Cas advantageous over traditionalmethods for creating knockout or transgenic animals?Explain your answers.arrow_forwardWhat are frame-shift insertion?arrow_forward
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