Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter ST.1, Problem 7RQ
What is the difference between nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) in the context of genome editing?
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What is the difference between nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) in the context of genome editing?
CRISPR-Cas9 is used by bacteria as a type of immune system against invading viruses. In recent years, it has been developed into a revolutionary tool that can induce double-stranded breaks at very specific locations in DNA in eukaryotic cells. CRISPR-Cas9 activity typically results in indel mutations in the targeted gene. Which DNA repair system most likely caused these indels?
a) non-homologous end-joining
b) mismatch repairc) nucleotide-excision repaird) base-excision repair
e) homology-directed repair
Why are restriction endonucleases considered a bacteria’s “innate immune system”?
Why is CRISPR-Cas9 considered a bacteria’s “adaptive immune system”?
What does CRISPR stand for?
What is the difference between crRNA and tracrRNA? Why are both needed for Cas9 to function?
What does PAM stand for? Where is it found?
What is the difference between Non-homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homology Directed Repair (HDR)?
What is the Guide RNA (gRNA) a chimera of? Why use a gRNA?
What new things are researchers doing with CRISPR-Cas9?
Reflecting on what you now know about CRISPR-Cas9, what are your thoughts on it’s use in humans and other organisms? What should we be allowed to do? Not do?
Are viruses living? Why or why not? What does obligate intracellular parasite mean?
What does every virus have? What is the difference between capsomers and…
Chapter ST Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between innate immunity and...Ch. ST.1 - What evidence demonstrates that CRISPR-Cas is an...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.1 - Why was the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system of S....Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.1 - What is a single guide RNA, and what role does it...Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between nonhomologous...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 1DQ
Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.1 - What ethical and safety considerations must be...Ch. ST.1 - Recall (from Chapter 18) how miRNAs and the...Ch. ST.1 - Describe two different ways in which engineered...Ch. ST.1 - Consider the following human genetic diseases:...Ch. ST.1 - What are the different concerns about off-target...Ch. ST.2 - What is VNTR profiling, and what are the...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.2 - Describe capillary electrophoresis. How does this...Ch. ST.2 - What are the advantages and limitations of...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.2 - Explain why mitochondrial DNA profiling is often...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.2 - Describe the database system known as CODIS. What...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.2 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.2 - Given the possibility that synthetic DNA could be...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.2 - If you were acting as a defense lawyer in a murder...Ch. ST.2 - The phenomena of somatic mosaicism and chimerism...Ch. ST.3 - What is pharmacogenomics, and how does it differ...Ch. ST.3 - Describe how the drug Herceptin works. What types...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.3 - Why is it necessary to examine gene-expression...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.3 - How can we ensure that a patients privacy is...Ch. ST.3 - As gene tests and genomic sequences become more...Ch. ST.4 - How do genetically modified organisms compare with...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.4 - Describe the mechanisms by which the Cry proteins...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.4 - Describe how plants can be transformed using...Ch. ST.4 - How do positive and negative selection techniques...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.4 - What are the laws regulating the development,...Ch. ST.4 - Do you think that foods containing GM ingredients...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.5 - What is gene therapy?Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.5 - When treating a person by gene therapy, is it...Ch. ST.5 - Describe two ways that therapeutic genes can be...Ch. ST.5 - Explain how viral vectors can be used for gene...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.5 - Explain an example of a successful gene therapy...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 11RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.5 - Who should be treated by gene therapy? What...Ch. ST.5 - The lifetime costs for treatment of conditions...Ch. ST.5 - Should CRISPR-Cas or other techniques be used for...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 5DQCh. ST.6 - What are RFLP markers and how were they used to...Ch. ST.6 - Why was information from Nancy Wexlers large...Ch. ST.6 - How do aggregates of mHTT protein form?Ch. ST.6 - Why are the results from the inducible mouse model...Ch. ST.6 - Based on the results from mouse models, is it...Ch. ST.6 - What do the results from creating transgenic mice...Ch. ST.6 - What steps lead from the binding of the mHTT...Ch. ST.6 - Summarize the approaches to therapy designed to...Ch. ST.6 - There are nine known progressive neurodegenerative...Ch. ST.6 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.6 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.6 - Why is there an inverse correlation between the...Ch. ST.6 - Discuss the ethical issues raised by the use a...
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- What is linker scanning mutagenesis?arrow_forwardCodon optimization is a widely used process for recombinant expression in prokaryotic systems. Regarding this process, mark the incorrect alternative. * A)increases the overall yield of expression of recombinant proteins. B)prevents the formation of truncated proteins. C)increases the frequency of tRNAs that recognize rare codons. D)does not interfere with the primary sequence of the recombinant protein.arrow_forwardWith regard to the repair of double-strand breaks, what are the advantages and disadvantages of homologous recombination repair (HRR) versus nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)?arrow_forward
- According to the double-strand break model, does gene conversionnecessarily involve DNA mismatch repair? Explain.arrow_forwardDuring the process of transcription, the polymerase must handle several distinct polynucleotide chains: the double-stranded DNA ahead of the polymerase, the single-stranded template DNA, the nontemplate DNA strand, and the freshly-synthesized mRNA. How does the polymerase keep each of these strands--as well as the incoming ribonucleotides needed for the polymerase reaction--separate?arrow_forwardWhat is reverse transcription simple definition?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true of transposition? A) a replicative form of transposition is possible for DNA-only transposition B) flanking direct repeats are a by-product of transposition formed at the transposition site C) inverted repeats are formed in all types of transposons D long-terminal repeats are found in the class of retrotransposons that resemble retrovirusesarrow_forwardWhen a genome is edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a knockout allele can be produced if DNA is repaired by ["homologous recombination", "base excision repair", "nucleotideexcision repair", "nonhomologous end joining"] , and a knockin allele will result if DNA is repaired by ["base excision repair", "homologous recombination", "nonhomologous end joining", "nucleotide excision repair"] . Pick the correct answers within the quotation marks to fill in the blank.arrow_forwardWhat is a repetitive element in genomics? What are the types of repetitive elements? What is their effect on the ease of determining and analyzing a genome sequence?arrow_forward
- If you wanted to study the nature of transcription in yeast under aerobic versus anaerobic conditions, how could you use DNA microarrays to accomplish this?arrow_forwardPeople with a commonly occurring, wild type allele of PTC with two adjacent thymines at a particular site in the coding sequence are more prone to BCCs than people without this allele. How can this be explained (one sentence)? The "two adjacent thymines" allele of PTC causes a bigger increase in BCC risk for people xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), who lacks components of the nucleotide excision repair pathway, compared to people without XP. How can this be explained (one sentence)?arrow_forwardHuman genomic libraries used for DNA sequencing are often made from fragments obtained by cleaving human DNA with Haeiii in such a way that the DNA is only partially digested; that is, not all the possible HaeIII sites have been cleaved. What is a possible reason for doing this?arrow_forward
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