Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter ST.2, Problem 1DQ
Given the possibility that synthetic DNA could be purposely introduced into a crime scene in order into implicate an innocent person, what methods could be developed to distinguish between synthetic and natural DNA?
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Students have asked these similar questions
1) A forensic scientist is required to collect blood samples from the crime scene and
analyze it to help the investigators understand who participated to the murder.
i) As a first step, the scientist needs to extract DNA. Indicate why red blood cells are not a
good target for the analysis, and list at least two chemicals/compounds that are required to
extract the DNA, explaining why they are used.
ii) The sample has been collected in a small amount, so that (s)he decides to use PCR to
analyze it. Describe why PCR is better suited to address small samples with respect to
Southern blotting and how is selectivity addressed with this technique.
You are a forensic scientist in charge of DNA samples in a case where a man was murdered. You conduct gel electrophoresis on the samples to determine the DNA profile of the samples. The rows of bands have been marked to make it easier to reference the bands. The sample marked 'evidence' came from under the victim's fingernails, likely indicating a struggle. There are two suspects in the case, both of whom are brothers, they are marked suspect 1 and suspect 2, for brother 1 and brother 2, respectfully. Does the evidence collected match the DNA profiles of either brother? If yes, which one? If no, then would it be likely that the actual criminal is a family member of the brothers? If yes, what could the relation be (mom, dad, cousin, aunt, or uncle)?
Note: there is a sister in their family, their parents are both still alive, and they have a robust extended family. The brothers are not twins.
In a crime lab, what precautions should be taken to make sure the DNA wasn't contaminated?
Chapter ST Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between innate immunity and...Ch. ST.1 - What evidence demonstrates that CRISPR-Cas is an...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.1 - Why was the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system of S....Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.1 - What is a single guide RNA, and what role does it...Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between nonhomologous...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 1DQ
Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.1 - What ethical and safety considerations must be...Ch. ST.1 - Recall (from Chapter 18) how miRNAs and the...Ch. ST.1 - Describe two different ways in which engineered...Ch. ST.1 - Consider the following human genetic diseases:...Ch. ST.1 - What are the different concerns about off-target...Ch. ST.2 - What is VNTR profiling, and what are the...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.2 - Describe capillary electrophoresis. How does this...Ch. ST.2 - What are the advantages and limitations of...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.2 - Explain why mitochondrial DNA profiling is often...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.2 - Describe the database system known as CODIS. What...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.2 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.2 - Given the possibility that synthetic DNA could be...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.2 - If you were acting as a defense lawyer in a murder...Ch. ST.2 - The phenomena of somatic mosaicism and chimerism...Ch. ST.3 - What is pharmacogenomics, and how does it differ...Ch. ST.3 - Describe how the drug Herceptin works. What types...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.3 - Why is it necessary to examine gene-expression...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.3 - How can we ensure that a patients privacy is...Ch. ST.3 - As gene tests and genomic sequences become more...Ch. ST.4 - How do genetically modified organisms compare with...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.4 - Describe the mechanisms by which the Cry proteins...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.4 - Describe how plants can be transformed using...Ch. ST.4 - How do positive and negative selection techniques...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.4 - What are the laws regulating the development,...Ch. ST.4 - Do you think that foods containing GM ingredients...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.5 - What is gene therapy?Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.5 - When treating a person by gene therapy, is it...Ch. ST.5 - Describe two ways that therapeutic genes can be...Ch. ST.5 - Explain how viral vectors can be used for gene...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.5 - Explain an example of a successful gene therapy...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 11RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.5 - Who should be treated by gene therapy? What...Ch. ST.5 - The lifetime costs for treatment of conditions...Ch. ST.5 - Should CRISPR-Cas or other techniques be used for...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 5DQCh. ST.6 - What are RFLP markers and how were they used to...Ch. ST.6 - Why was information from Nancy Wexlers large...Ch. ST.6 - How do aggregates of mHTT protein form?Ch. ST.6 - Why are the results from the inducible mouse model...Ch. ST.6 - Based on the results from mouse models, is it...Ch. ST.6 - What do the results from creating transgenic mice...Ch. ST.6 - What steps lead from the binding of the mHTT...Ch. ST.6 - Summarize the approaches to therapy designed to...Ch. ST.6 - There are nine known progressive neurodegenerative...Ch. ST.6 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.6 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.6 - Why is there an inverse correlation between the...Ch. ST.6 - Discuss the ethical issues raised by the use a...
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- What does a guy need to do (e.g. how different does his DNA profile need to be?) to be excluded as a possible contributor to a DNA profile from an evidence sample?arrow_forwardState the five basic steps of DNA fingerprinting using the RFLP method. Why do you think the PCR method is of more use in crime scene investigations?arrow_forwardWhy can a DNA sample not be a reliable source of evidence?arrow_forward
- How is the DNA used for catching crime suspects? Describe the procedure and cite a particular example where it helped solve a case or absolved an innocent person from any wrongdoing.arrow_forwardSuppose you are arrested for a serious crime and a DNA profile is created and entered into databases. Later, you are proven innocent. Should you have the right to have your DNA profile removed from all databases?arrow_forwardCan you please check my answer and make sure it is correct. Question: How can DNA evidence be used to convict or exonerate a defendant? Why is DNA evidence so powerful? Answer: DNA evidence can be used to perform DNA profiling to determine the genotype of the specific DNA sample. With just a small amount of DNA, PCR can produce billions of copies of that specific segment. The segments that are used are from non-coding regions that contain STR’s or short tandem repeats. These very short DNA sequences are repeated and are specific to individuals because we inherit them from our mother and father. Gel electrophoresis separates the PCR products based on their size and each band is compared to the allele ladder. This process helps to identify the alleles present in the original samples. DNA profiling is performed at many loci to be able to tell the genetic difference between different individuals with a lot of certainty. The DNA from the different suspects is compared to the allele…arrow_forward
- THe DNA profiles of five people potentially involved in a robbery are shown in DNA Profile #2. The profile on the left side was obtained from DNA belongíng the robber. The four other profiles were obtained from the suspects. Which of the potential suspects is most likely the robber?arrow_forwardThe following shows the results of DNA profiling from a rape case. The evidence sample (S) consists of a mixture of DNA from the victim (V) and the DNA of the rapist(s). DNA is taken from four likely suspects (who were present at the same party as the victim on the night of the crime), Alan (A), Brad (B), Charle (C), and Don (D). The results of typing for two different polymorphic loci are shown. 1)Which person is homozygous for locus 1? A. Alan B. Brad C. Charlie D. Don E. Victimarrow_forwardThe Evidence shows which suspect was at the crime scene? ( image of murder investigation) A) suspect A B) suspect B C) suspect C D) none were at the crime scene Which of the following choices most likely lists the sizes of the four DNA fragments in lane 6 ( second image) of this agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide? ( Note: the well that the DNA was loaded into is at the top of the gel image). A) 100 bp, 300 bp, 450 bp, 600 bp. B) 300 bp, 400 bp, 100 bp, 600 bp C) 600 bp, 450 bp, 300 bp, 100 bp D) 400 bp, 300 bp, 600 bp, 100 bp E) DNA fragment size can't be estimated using an agarose gel.arrow_forward
- Refer to the DNA profiles comparing the DNA obtained from the three suspects with the crime-scene DNA. Use a ruler to align the bands found under the crime-scene DNA with any of the bands found in the suspects’ DNA. Place the ruler at the bottom of the bands. Take notes on whether any of the suspects’ DNA shares the same bands as the crime-scene DNA. Analyze your notes on each suspect’s DNA profile. Do any suspects share all the DNA bands found in the evidence DNA?arrow_forwardFor what purpose is DNA fingerprinting used A) to sequence DNA from bacteria B) to separate DNA fragments C) to identify individuals who have committed crimes D) to identify single nucleotide polymerasearrow_forward1) Make up a crime scene scenario (or find a real one) in which DNA from a nonhuman provided critical evidence.arrow_forward
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