Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter ST.1, Problem 4DQ
Recall (from Chapter 18) how miRNAs and the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. What about that system is conceptually similar to the CRISPR-Cas system? What is conceptually different?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
What are the differences between miRNA and siRNA?
(Select all that apply.)
OmiRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in
the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs are
involved in the degradation of specific mRNA molecules.
miRNAs are from 22 to 30 bases long, and siRNAs are 22
bases long.
O miRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in
the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs help
with the processing of the initial mRNA transcribed from
DNA into a mature form.
miRNAs prevent translation of certain mRNAs, and
siRNAs are involved in the degradation of specific mRNA
molecules.
miRNAs are 20 to 22 bases long, and siRNAs are from 20
to 30 bases long.
Consider the following sequence fragment of an mRNA. Which of the miRNAS below would be competent for gene silencing?
5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3'
5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3
5'-UACGUUCGUAACCGGUUCGAA-3'
5'-AAGCUUGGUUAAUGCUUGCAU-3'
5'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-3'
3'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-5
3'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-5'
A protein has the following amino acid sequence:
Met-Tyr-Asn-Val-Arg-Val-Tyr-Lys-Ala-Lys-Trp-Leu-Ile-His-Thr-Pro
You wish to make a set of probes to screen a cDNA library for the sequence that encodes this protein. Your probes should be at least 18 nucleotides in length.
Q. How many different probes must be synthesized to be certain that you will find the cDNA sequence that specifies the protein?
Chapter ST Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between innate immunity and...Ch. ST.1 - What evidence demonstrates that CRISPR-Cas is an...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.1 - Why was the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system of S....Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.1 - What is a single guide RNA, and what role does it...Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between nonhomologous...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 1DQ
Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.1 - What ethical and safety considerations must be...Ch. ST.1 - Recall (from Chapter 18) how miRNAs and the...Ch. ST.1 - Describe two different ways in which engineered...Ch. ST.1 - Consider the following human genetic diseases:...Ch. ST.1 - What are the different concerns about off-target...Ch. ST.2 - What is VNTR profiling, and what are the...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.2 - Describe capillary electrophoresis. How does this...Ch. ST.2 - What are the advantages and limitations of...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.2 - Explain why mitochondrial DNA profiling is often...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.2 - Describe the database system known as CODIS. What...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.2 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.2 - Given the possibility that synthetic DNA could be...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.2 - If you were acting as a defense lawyer in a murder...Ch. ST.2 - The phenomena of somatic mosaicism and chimerism...Ch. ST.3 - What is pharmacogenomics, and how does it differ...Ch. ST.3 - Describe how the drug Herceptin works. What types...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.3 - Why is it necessary to examine gene-expression...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.3 - How can we ensure that a patients privacy is...Ch. ST.3 - As gene tests and genomic sequences become more...Ch. ST.4 - How do genetically modified organisms compare with...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.4 - Describe the mechanisms by which the Cry proteins...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.4 - Describe how plants can be transformed using...Ch. ST.4 - How do positive and negative selection techniques...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.4 - What are the laws regulating the development,...Ch. ST.4 - Do you think that foods containing GM ingredients...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.5 - What is gene therapy?Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.5 - When treating a person by gene therapy, is it...Ch. ST.5 - Describe two ways that therapeutic genes can be...Ch. ST.5 - Explain how viral vectors can be used for gene...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.5 - Explain an example of a successful gene therapy...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 11RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.5 - Who should be treated by gene therapy? What...Ch. ST.5 - The lifetime costs for treatment of conditions...Ch. ST.5 - Should CRISPR-Cas or other techniques be used for...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 5DQCh. ST.6 - What are RFLP markers and how were they used to...Ch. ST.6 - Why was information from Nancy Wexlers large...Ch. ST.6 - How do aggregates of mHTT protein form?Ch. ST.6 - Why are the results from the inducible mouse model...Ch. ST.6 - Based on the results from mouse models, is it...Ch. ST.6 - What do the results from creating transgenic mice...Ch. ST.6 - What steps lead from the binding of the mHTT...Ch. ST.6 - Summarize the approaches to therapy designed to...Ch. ST.6 - There are nine known progressive neurodegenerative...Ch. ST.6 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.6 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.6 - Why is there an inverse correlation between the...Ch. ST.6 - Discuss the ethical issues raised by the use a...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A protein has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Tyr-Asn-Val-Arg-Val-Tyr-Lys-Ala-Lys-Trp-Leu-Ile-His-Thr-Pro You wish to make a set of probes to screen a cDNA library for the sequence that encodes this protein. Your probes should be at least 18 nucleotides in length. Q. Which amino acids in the protein should be used to construct the probes so that the least degeneracy results?arrow_forwardNow you have the gene sequence. Now you would like to clone it into an expression vector to grow up in a bacterial system. Because you're going to use bacteria to generate protein from a eukaryote, the mammoth, you need to get rid of introns from your sequence. How do you do that? Bioinformatically, I look for splice-site sequences and branch-point adenines and predict intron-exon boundaries I use a comparative genomic approach and use sequence homology with the genome of a closely related species I use a comparative genomic approach and use sequence homology with the genome of a distantly related species Both A and B Both B and C Why did you bother to identify the introns? So that I could include them in the sequence to understand intron function. So that I could exclude them from the sequence because prokaryotes don't have spliceosomal machinery. So that I could see how introns affect protein folding.arrow_forwardRNA knockdown has become a powerful tool in the arsenal of methods used to repress gene expression. Briefly describe how gene expression can be knocked down. What effect would introducing siRNAs to TSC1 have on human cells?arrow_forward
- What is the Guide RNA (gRNA) a chimera of? Why use a gRNA? What new things are researchers doing with CRISPR-Cas9? Reflecting on what you now know about CRISPR-Cas9, what are your thoughts on it’s use in humans and other organisms? What should we be allowed to do? Not do?arrow_forwardYou are a research scientist studying miRNA processing. You currently know everything about the pathway except for one detail: whether Dicer resides in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm. You have an experiment setup where you have a miRNA that completely complements the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene in a model yeast cell. You plan to mutate Exportin 5 and make it dysfunctional, then you will inject synthetic pre-miRNA either in its double strand form or its hairpin single strand form into the cell. Should you inject the synthetic pre-miRNA into the nucleus or the cytoplasm? a) b) If you inject hairpin single stranded pre-miRNA into the appropriate location in the cell, what color do you expect the yeast to be if Dicer is in the nucleus? What color would the yeast be if Dicer is in the cytoplasm? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardThe sequence below shows the non-coding strand from the whole of the transcribed region of a very short gene. 5’-GGCTTCTTTAGTACTGGCCAGTGGGATCCAAGTAGGCTGCCATTTCGT-3’ Write out the sequence of the mRNA from this gene in the orientation 5′ → 3′ and, using the genetic code (see Fig. 1. overleaf) deduce the amino acid sequence of the peptide it encodes (NB you should read about the operation of the genetic code prior to attempting this question).arrow_forward
- Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cellinvolves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reversetranscriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of(A) post-transcriptional processing.(B) post-translational processing.(C) nucleic acid hybridization.(D) restriction fragment ligationarrow_forwardWhat would be a possible result if a miRNA that perfectly complemented E3 ligase was successfully processed in the cell?arrow_forwardE22. The method of Northern blotting is used to determine the amount and size of a particular RNA transcribed in a given cell type. Alternative splicing (discussed in Chapter 12) produces mRNAs of different lengths from the same gene. The Northern blot shown here was made using a DNA probe that is complementary to the MRNA encoded by a particular gene. The mRNA in lanes 1 through 4 was isolated from different cell types, and equal amounts of total cellular MRNA were added to each lane. 2 3 4 Lane 1: MRNA isolated from nerve cells Lane 2: MRNA isolated from kidney cells Lane 3: MRNA isolated from spleen cells Lane 4: MRNA isolated from muscle cells Explain these results. | |arrow_forward
- You would like to use a CRISPR-Cas system to knockout a gene that includes the following sequence: 5'-CATACGAGCGACGACGCATTACGTGGACGTATACACTACATA-3' 3'-GTATGCTCGCTGCTGCGTAATGCACCTGCATATGTGATGTAT-5' You have designed a guide RNA sequence with the sequence 5'- UACGAGCGACGACGCAUUACG-3' to work with a Cas9 protein to edit this sequence. List the sequence of a three nucleotide Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) that you will need to include in the guide RNA that can be used by this particular CRISPR-associated protein? Note: the sequence will be different from the PAM sequence that we were working with in the CRISPR lab because we are using Cas proteins from other bacteria.arrow_forwardDifferent sensitivities to the mushroom toxin a-amanitin distinguish the three RNA polymerases from one another. Which of the following properties listed below also distinguish RNA Polymerase II from Pol I and Pol III? Options: Only RNA Pol II possesses a large subunit RNA Polymerase I and RNA Polymerase III do not require TBP for optimal transcription efficiency only RNA Polymerase II requires an ATP-dependent helicase to melt the DNA around the transcription start site Only RNA Polymerase II resembles the prokaryotic RNA Polymerase RNA Pol II has an extended N terminal region that becomes phosphorylated during intiationarrow_forwardWhy are restriction endonucleases considered a bacteria’s “innate immune system”? Why is CRISPR-Cas9 considered a bacteria’s “adaptive immune system”? What does CRISPR stand for? What is the difference between crRNA and tracrRNA? Why are both needed for Cas9 to function? What does PAM stand for? Where is it found? What is the difference between Non-homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homology Directed Repair (HDR)? What is the Guide RNA (gRNA) a chimera of? Why use a gRNA? What new things are researchers doing with CRISPR-Cas9? Reflecting on what you now know about CRISPR-Cas9, what are your thoughts on it’s use in humans and other organisms? What should we be allowed to do? Not do? Are viruses living? Why or why not? What does obligate intracellular parasite mean? What does every virus have? What is the difference between capsomers and…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Molecular Techniques: Basic Concepts; Author: Dr. A's Clinical Lab Videos;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HFHZy8h6z0;License: Standard Youtube License