Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter ST.6, Problem 6RQ
What do the results from creating transgenic mice carrying only exon 1 of the mutant allele tell us about the disease?
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True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:
When the S.cerevisiae genome was sequenced and surveyed for possible genes, only about 40% of those genes had been previously identified in forward genetic screens. This left about 60% of predcited genes with no known function, leading some to dub the genes fun (function unknown) genes.
a)As an approach to understanding the function of a certain fun gene, you wish to create a loss of function allele. How would you do this?
b)You wish to know the physical location of the encoded protein product. How would you obtain such information?
A research group is studying a bacterium X that binds to mucosal cells in the lung and invades. Wildtype X has an LD50 value of 10 bacteria when administered to mice by inhalation. Using transposon mutagenesis, the researchers have isolated two mutants of X that they call Xmut1 and Xmut2, both of which have LD50 values of 105 when inhaled by mice. However, in tissue culture cells, Xmut1 can invade the cells just as well as wild-type X, while Xmut2 cannot. Provide a possible explanation for these results.
Chapter ST Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between innate immunity and...Ch. ST.1 - What evidence demonstrates that CRISPR-Cas is an...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.1 - Why was the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system of S....Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.1 - What is a single guide RNA, and what role does it...Ch. ST.1 - What is the difference between nonhomologous...Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.1 - Prob. 1DQ
Ch. ST.1 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.1 - What ethical and safety considerations must be...Ch. ST.1 - Recall (from Chapter 18) how miRNAs and the...Ch. ST.1 - Describe two different ways in which engineered...Ch. ST.1 - Consider the following human genetic diseases:...Ch. ST.1 - What are the different concerns about off-target...Ch. ST.2 - What is VNTR profiling, and what are the...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.2 - Describe capillary electrophoresis. How does this...Ch. ST.2 - What are the advantages and limitations of...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.2 - Explain why mitochondrial DNA profiling is often...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.2 - Describe the database system known as CODIS. What...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.2 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.2 - Given the possibility that synthetic DNA could be...Ch. ST.2 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.2 - If you were acting as a defense lawyer in a murder...Ch. ST.2 - The phenomena of somatic mosaicism and chimerism...Ch. ST.3 - What is pharmacogenomics, and how does it differ...Ch. ST.3 - Describe how the drug Herceptin works. What types...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 5RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.3 - Why is it necessary to examine gene-expression...Ch. ST.3 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.3 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.3 - How can we ensure that a patients privacy is...Ch. ST.3 - As gene tests and genomic sequences become more...Ch. ST.4 - How do genetically modified organisms compare with...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. ST.4 - Describe the mechanisms by which the Cry proteins...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.4 - Prob. 7RQCh. ST.4 - Describe how plants can be transformed using...Ch. ST.4 - How do positive and negative selection techniques...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.4 - What are the laws regulating the development,...Ch. ST.4 - Do you think that foods containing GM ingredients...Ch. ST.4 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.5 - What is gene therapy?Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 2RQCh. ST.5 - When treating a person by gene therapy, is it...Ch. ST.5 - Describe two ways that therapeutic genes can be...Ch. ST.5 - Explain how viral vectors can be used for gene...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 6RQCh. ST.5 - Explain an example of a successful gene therapy...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 8RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 9RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 10RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 11RQCh. ST.5 - Prob. 1DQCh. ST.5 - Who should be treated by gene therapy? What...Ch. ST.5 - The lifetime costs for treatment of conditions...Ch. ST.5 - Should CRISPR-Cas or other techniques be used for...Ch. ST.5 - Prob. 5DQCh. ST.6 - What are RFLP markers and how were they used to...Ch. ST.6 - Why was information from Nancy Wexlers large...Ch. ST.6 - How do aggregates of mHTT protein form?Ch. ST.6 - Why are the results from the inducible mouse model...Ch. ST.6 - Based on the results from mouse models, is it...Ch. ST.6 - What do the results from creating transgenic mice...Ch. ST.6 - What steps lead from the binding of the mHTT...Ch. ST.6 - Summarize the approaches to therapy designed to...Ch. ST.6 - There are nine known progressive neurodegenerative...Ch. ST.6 - Prob. 2DQCh. ST.6 - Prob. 3DQCh. ST.6 - Why is there an inverse correlation between the...Ch. ST.6 - Discuss the ethical issues raised by the use a...
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- Cap, EA1, and Sap are all genes/proteins of interest in this study. For each gene, what gene product is encoded and where is the gene (the literal DNA sequence) located physically in the cell? I need help fimiding this in the artticle and answer as short as possible https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/arrow_forwardE. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interferencearrow_forwardNine rII− mutants of bacteriophage T4 were used inpairwise infections of E. coli K(λ) hosts. Six of themutations in these phages are point mutations; theother three are deletions. The ability of the doubly infected cells to produce progeny phages in large numbers is scored in the following chart.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 − − + + − − − + +2 − + + − − − + +3 − − + − + − −4 − + − + − −5 − − − + +6 − − − −7 − + +8 − −9 −The same nine mutants were then used in pairwise infections of E. coli B hosts. The production of progenyphages that can subsequently lyse E. coli K(λ) hosts isnow scored. In the table, 0 means the progeny do notproduce any plaques on E. coli K(λ) cells; − meansthat only a very few progeny phages produce plaques;and + means that many progeny produce plaques(more than 10 times as many as in the − cases).1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 − + + + + − − + +2 − + + + + − + +3 0 − + 0 + + −4 − + − + + +5 − + − + +6 0 0 − +7 0 + +8 − +9 −a. Which of the mutants are the three deletions? Whatcriteria did…arrow_forward
- If you wanted to make a mouse model for any of the following human genetic conditions (a–d), indicate which of thefollowing types of mice (i–vi) would be useful to your studies. If more than one answer applies, state which type ofmouse would most successfully mimic the human disease:(i) transgenic mouse overexpressing a normal mouse protein; (ii) transgenic mouse expressing normal amounts of amutant human protein; (iii) transgenic mouse expressing adominant negative form of a protein; (iv) a knockout mouse;(v) a conditional knockout mouse; and (vi) a knockin mousein which the normal allele is replaced with a mutant allelethat is at least partially functional. In all cases, the transgeneor the gene that is knocked out or knocked in is a form of thegene responsible for the disease in question.a. Marfan syndrome (a dominant disease caused byhaploinsufficiency for the FBN1 gene);b. A dominantly inherited autoinflammatory diseasecaused by a hypermorphic missense mutation in thegene PLCG2;c.…arrow_forward1) What is the human gene TRNT1? Explain what the wild type and mutant forms do. 2) What is the human gene TRNT1? Explain what the wild type and mutant forms do.arrow_forwardA geneticist isolates two mutations in a bacteriophage. One mutation causes clear plaques (c), and the other produces minute plaques (m). Previous mapping experiments have established that the genes responsible for these two mutations are 8 m.u. apart. The geneticist mixes phages with genotype c+ m+ and genotype c− m− and uses the mixture to infect bacterial cells. She collects the progeny phages and cultures a sample of them on plated bacteria. A total of 1000 plaques are observed. What numbers of the different types of plaques (c+ m+, c− m−, c+ m−, c− m+) should she expect to see?arrow_forward
- What is a transgenic organism? Describe three examples.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of a pseudogene? Why do pseudogenes exist?arrow_forwardYou’ve made your construct and placed it into E. coli! Congratulations, you have made a transgenic organism. Your investors will want to know about quality control. How will you check that the correct piece of DNA is in your vector? How will you check to make sure the gene is transcribed? How will you check to make sure that the GasP protein is made in E. coli? Your investors are concerned that the GasP protein might not be sufficiently produced under normal laboratory conditions. They suggest controlling the transcription of the gasP gene using a chemical that will “trigger” its transcription. What type of promoter could be used? What chemical will you use to control transcription? How does this method of control work?arrow_forward
- Bacteriophage P22 was used in generalized transduction experiments to infect the Salmonella typhimurium donor strains described in the table below. The resulting phage lysates were then used to infect the S. typhimurium recipient strains listed in the table. In each cross, a phenotype was selected for one of the three genetic markers studied (str, aceA, thrA), and then replicates were performed to select the corresponding recombinants for the other two markers. The results are given in the following table: Recipient strain Selected phenotype Selected recombinants Donor strain str thrA aceA+ thrA str aceA+ strs thrA+ aceA thrA+ str aceA Str Ace+ Str ThrA ThrA+ ThrA ThrA+ Ace Ace str: gene involved in streptomycin resistance, aceA gene involved in the use of acetate as a carbon source, thrA: gene involved in the biosynthesis of threonine. Number 60 40 95 5 10 90 Determine the order of the genes and draw a genetic map showing this orderarrow_forwardBrenner’s m mutant phages (m1–m6) described inFig. 8.8 were suppressed when grown in suppressor(su−) mutant bacteria; they produced full-length Mproteins that functioned like wild-type M protein.a. What gene do you think was mutant in the su−bacteria?b. When the m− phages were propagated in the su−bacterial strain, not all of the proteins made by themutant m alleles were identical to wild-type Mprotein. How did some of them differ?arrow_forwardWhat is intergenic mutation ?arrow_forward
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