Interpretation:
The structures of procaine and the intermediates from A to C are to be provided.
Concept Introduction:
Procaine is an anesthetic drug that is used during surgery and dental procedures.
Long time use of procaine leads to depression of the neuronal activity. This causes the nervous system to become hypersensitive. It also causes an increase in dopamine level in the brain and severe allergic reactions.
Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has unpaired electrons which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
Carbocation is a molecule having a carbon atom bearing three bonds and a positive formal charge.
Carbocation are generally unstable because they do not have eight electrons to satisfy the octet rule.
The order of stability of carbocation is such that the tertiary carbocation is the most stable whereas the primary carbocation is the least stable, and secondary carbocation lies between primary and tertiary carbocations.
If primary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to secondary or tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
If secondary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
The stability of carbocation:
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Chapter SRP Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Answer ALL parts of this question. An aspirin tablet dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution gave sodium salicylate. The sodium salicylate gives a yellow colour and absorbs at 295 nm, which gave an estimated concentration of sodium salicylate of 0.00015 mol dm-³. CO₂H NaOH (aq) CO₂Na OH sodium salicylate Aspirin (a) Explain the formation of sodium salicylate using a curly arrow mechanism. (b) The solution of sodium salicylate was diluted to 50 cm³. How many moles are in the 50 cm³? (c) There were initially 250 cm³ of the original aspirin solution, so the total number of moles of sodium salicylate in the original solution is 250 times that calculated in part (b). Calculate the mass of aspirin in the tablet. (MW of aspirin = 180 gmol-¹).arrow_forward4. Ag catalyst ? H2C=CH2 + O2 250 °Carrow_forwardDraw the organic product expected from the reaction. Include all hydrogen atoms. Note that K, Cr, 0, is present in excess. H H H, SO, CH, CH,CH, OH + K,Cr,0,(aq) |arrow_forward
- When aniline, C6H5NH2(Kb=7.41010) , reacts with a strong acid, its conjugate acid, C6H5NH3+, is formed. Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M solution of C6H5NH3+ and compare it with the pH of acetic acid (Ka=1.86105) .arrow_forwardIf the G for a reaction is 4.5 kcal/mol at 298 K, what is the Keq for this reaction? What is the change in entropy of this reaction if H = 3.2 kcal/mol?arrow_forwardN-benzylethanamide Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Adv toolbars. The single bond is active by default. DC H 12D EXP. CONT. Gl · [1] A ZI CH3 H с N S CI Br I P Farrow_forward
- please make the explanation clear and thank you for your helparrow_forwardGiven the following data: 2C6H6 (l) + 15O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔG° = –6399 kJ C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔG° = –394 kJ H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O(l) ΔG° = –273 kJ Calculate ΔG° for the reaction 6 C(s) + 3 H2(g) ----> C6H6(l) ΔG° = ???arrow_forward(b) Calculate the pH of 0.0005 mol dm3 ethanoic acid when its pKa = 4.75 CH3COOH( CH3COO() + H™ Ka = pH =arrow_forward
- The reaction of ozone with 2-butene leads to -10 formation of aldehyde + O ketones, aldehyde + alcohol, two molecules of carboxylic acid O.arrow_forwardMethyl acetate (CH;COOCH3) is formed by the reaction of acetic acid with methyl alcohol. If the methyl alcohol is labeled with oxygen-18, the oxygen-18 ends up in the methyl acetate: CH;COH + HSOCH3 CH;Č18OCH3 + H,O (a) Do the C-OH bond of the acid and the O-H bond of the alcohol break in the reaction, or do the O-H bond of the acid and the C-OH bond of the alcohol break? (b) Imagine a similar experiment using the radioisotope H, which is called tritium and is usually denoted T. Would the reaction between CH;COOH and TOCH; provide the same information about which bond is broken as does the above experiment with Hl$OCH;?arrow_forwardCaC2O4 + KMnO4 (in the presence of H2SO4)arrow_forward
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning