Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 9.2, Problem 9ELO
9. Describe the different types of RNA and their basic functions in genetic expression.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
4. Assuming the translation product is an enzyme, explain its role in the final expression of a phenotype.
1.Describe the journey of a protein, from its synthesis to its final destination
2. Explain the different stages of transcription and the role of the elements involved with the right terminology (template vs. non-transcribed strand, promoter, stop sequence, TATA box, general and specific transcription factors, RNA polymerase II, etc.);
3. Explain what the maturation (modifications) of pre-messenger RNA consists of and its role
7. Although DNA gets all the glory, it’s actually RNA that does most of the work when cells produce proteins. Explain how RNA is involved in gene expression (i.e., in transcription and translation).
Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 9.1 - 1. Define heredity, genetics, genome, gene,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Compare the basic nature of genetic material in...Ch. 9.1 - 3. Explain how DNA is organized and packaged.Ch. 9.1 - 4. Describe the chemical structure of DNA and Its...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 9.1 - 6. Describe the process of DNA replication as it...Ch. 9.1 - 1. Compare the genetic material of eukaryotes,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Characterize the organization of genetic...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.1 - 4. What are the fundamental building blocks of DNA...
Ch. 9.1 - 5. Describe what is meant by the antiparallel...Ch. 9.1 - 6. Explain the synthesis of the leading and...Ch. 9.1 - 7. Name several characteristics of DNA structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 9.2 - 9. Describe the different types of RNA and their...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 9.2 - 11. Describe the genetic code, codons, and...Ch. 9.2 - 12. Recount the participants and steps in...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 9.2 - 8. How is the language of a gene expressed?Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 9.2 - 10. Construct a table that compares the structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 9.2 - 15. Briefly describe the events in translation.Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 9.2 - 17. Summarize how bacterial and eukaryotic cells...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 9.3 - 14. Explain the functions of operons in bacterial...Ch. 9.3 - 15. Describe the main features of the lactose...Ch. 9.3 - 16. Describe the main features of repressible...Ch. 9.3 - 17. Summarize some aspects of genetic control by...Ch. 9.3 - 19. What is an operon? Describe the functions of...Ch. 9.3 - 20. Compare and contrast the lac operon and...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 9.3 - 22. At which levels of DNA regulation do small...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 9.4 - Summarize the causes and types of mutations and...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 9.4 - Compare beneficial and detrimental effects of...Ch. 9.4 - Explain what is meant by the terms mutation and...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the primary causes, types, and outcomes...Ch. 9.4 - Explain the purposes behind replica plating and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain recombination in bacteria and what it...Ch. 9.5 - Describe the main features of conjugation and its...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 9.5 - Identify the basic processes involved in...Ch. 9.5 - Discuss transposons and their importance to...Ch. 9.5 - Compare conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain the differences between general and...Ch. 9.5 - By means of a flowchart, show the possible jumps...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the major elements of viral genetics.Ch. 9.6 - Compare aspects of the genetics of DNA and RNA...Ch. 9.6 - Explain why some viruses must enter the nucleus to...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the difference between positive-strand and...Ch. 9.6 - Outline the basic steps in the replication cycles...Ch. 9.L1 - What is the smallest unit of heredity (genotype)?...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 9.L1 - The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the a....Ch. 9.L1 - DNA replication is considered semiconservative...Ch. 9.L1 - In DNA, adenine is the complementary base for...Ch. 9.L1 - The base pairs are held together primarily by a....Ch. 9.L1 - Why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated...Ch. 9.L1 - Messenger RNA is formed by _______ of a gene on...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which genetic material could be transmitted...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which of the following is present in prokaryotes...Ch. 9.L1 - Multiple Matching. Fill in the blanks with all the...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 9.L1 - Explain how it would be possible for A. baumannii...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 9.L1 - The following sequence represents triplets on DNA:...Ch. 9.L1 - Describe the actions οf all of the enzymes...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 9.L1 - Examine the following series of words and identify...Ch. 9.L2 - Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle...Ch. 9.L2 - Using the piece of DNA in writing-challenge...Ch. 9.L2 - Why will a mistake in the RNA code alone not...Ch. 9.L2 - The enzymes required to carry out transcription...Ch. 9.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 9.L2 - Activation, transcription, and translation of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Explain the mechanisms by which RNA can control...Ch. 9.L2 - Ex�Ιain how epigenetics is related to the...Ch. 9.L2 - Use the concepts of chapters, letters, a whole...Ch. 9.L2 - From figure 9.17, step 3. Label each part of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Examine figure 8.11, and explain which type of...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 6. How many amino acids will the mRNA sequence "AUG GÁC CUG UCG UGA" produce? (LS1-1) * Second mRNA base G UUU Phe UUC UCU UAU UGU Tyr UAC Cys UCC Ser UCA UGC C Phe Gly (G) Leu UAA Stop UGA Stop A Glu (F) (L) UUA Leu UUG Ser Asp (E) (D) (S) Tyr (Y) UCG UAG Stop UGG Trp GUC Ala CUU (A) A CCU CAU CGU His CUC Leu CUA CC Pro ССА CAC CGC Arg CGA Cys (C) Val CAA Gln CAG G U (V) G Trp (W) CUG CCG CGG Arg (R) G U A C A C Leu AUU ACU AAU Asn AGU Ser AGC (L) Ser (S) C AUC Ile ACC AAC Thr Lys (K) UG A AUA Pro AGA Arg AGG ACA AAA Lys AAG Asn (N) (P) AUG Met or start ACG His Thr (H) (T) Gln GUU GCU GAU Asp GAÇ GGU (Q) lle Arg (R) (1) GUC Val GUA GCC Ala GCA GGC Gly GGA GAA Glu OGAG GUG GCG GGG O 1 3 4 First mRNA base (5' end of codon) - U A GUca Gbc AG Third mRNA base (3' end of codon)arrow_forward3. How do we know that expression of the information encoded in DNA involves an RNA intermediate?arrow_forward10. Protein expression can be blocked by antisense oligonucleotides. Which mechanism enables antisense oligonucleotides to block protein synthesis? O Antisense oligonucleotides bind to ribosomes and inhibit their function. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to DNA in the nucleus and inhibit the synthesis o MRNA. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and inhibit ribosome assembly. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to messenger RNA (MRNA) and prevents mRNA binding to ribosomes.arrow_forward
- 3. Differentiate between factors and processes involved in transcription: Recognition of this DNA sequence is [Choose] required for transcription to initiate:. [ Choose ] PROMOTER Occurs when the ribosome reaches a RNA POLYMERASE stop codon on the MRNA TERMINATION INITIATION SITE ENHANCERS The main enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA is ELONGATION Will increase the efficiency of gene [Choose] expression, but are not essential for transcription. RNA polymerase "walks" along the template strand, adding a [Choose ] matching (complementary) RNA nucleotide to each existing ncleotide. The section of DNA from which the [Choose ) very first 5" RNA nucleotide is transcribed Question 4 1 pts hp 近arrow_forwardIII. Discuss the following aspects of translation: 1. How does the location and timing of transcription/translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 2. How do the types of ribosomes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 3. How does the first amino acid of the translated protein differ between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?arrow_forward8. Label each figure with what TYPE OF CELL is undergoing gene expression: Nuclear membrane DNA Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Mature mRNA Pre-MRNA MRNA DNA Protein Ribosomes Protein Ribosomesarrow_forward
- 1.Differentiate transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2.Discuss the encoding of genetic information.arrow_forward4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3' 3'..AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5' promoterarrow_forward.14. DNA transcription may be selectively regulated through alteration of the rate of protein synthesis and differential degradation of mRNA true or falsearrow_forward
- 6. Riboswitches are RNA sequences found in the 5' untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA) that control gene expression in response to small molecule binding. These regulatory elements adopt two conformations: an "on" state when a specific small molecule ligand is bound and an "off" state in the absence of ligand. When the mRNA is "off", the gene remains untranslated. The structure of a guanine-responsive riboswitch was solved in 2004 (Nature, 432, 411-415) and is shown below at low (left) and high (right) resolution with a guanine derivative bound: (see Blackboard for color image) Guanine riboswitch with a guanine derivative (red) bound; zoomed out. U22 U47 HX U51 C74 Guanine riboswitch with a guanine derivative (HX) bound; atomic detail. Note: blue = nitrogen, red = oxygen. C and U follow standard nucleotide naming conventions. a. What interactions are occurring between the riboswitch and the guanine derivative that make binding favorable? b. Of these interactions, which ones…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.arrow_forward6. A portion of a gene is shown below. 5'-ATGATTCGCCTCGGGGCTCCCCAGTCGCTGGTGCTGCTGACGCTGCTCGTCG-3' 3'-TACTAAGCGGAGCCCCGAGGGGTCAGCGACCACGACGACTGCGACGAGCAGC-5' The sequence of the mRNA transcribed from this gene has the following sequence: 5'-AUGAUUCGCCUCGGGGCUCCCCAGUCGCUGGUGCUGCUGACGCUGCUCGUCG-3′ a. Identify the coding and noncoding strands of the DNA. b. Explain why only the coding strands of DNA are commonly published in databanks.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY