Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9.2, Problem 16CYP
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The function of the start and stop codons.
Introduction:
There are 64 codons in the genetic code, either coding for the 20 amino acids, or signalling ‘stop’.
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Students have asked these similar questions
16. Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 3-amino acid
polypeptide:
5'-ATGTGGTCATGA-3'
Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a
non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above?
First base in codon
U
A
UUU
UUC-
UUA
UUG-
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG-
AUU-
ACU
AUC Ile (1)
ACC
AUA-
ACA
AUG Met (M) start ACG
GUU
GCU
GUC
GCC
GUA
GCA
GUG-
GCG
H₂N-
U
Phe (F)
Leu (L)
Leu (L)
Nonpolar side chains; hydrophobic
Val (V)
Side chain (R group)
H
H₂N-C-C-0-
HO
Glycine
(Gly or G)
CH₂
H₂N*-
CH₂
CH₂
H O
Methionine
(Met or M)
Polar side chains; hydrophilic
0
CH₂
Second base in codon
H O
Aspartic acid
(Asp or D)
UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
Alanine
(Ala or A)
OH
CH₂
H₂N-C C 0 H₂N-C C 0
H O
Serine
(Ser or S)
H O
Threonine
(Thr or T)
Electrically charged side chains; hydrophilic
OH CH3
CH
-0- H₂N+-
Acidic (negatively charged)
CH₂
H₂N-C-C-O
HO
C
Ser (S)
Pro (P)
CH₂
CH₂
Thr (T)
CH₂
H₂N-C
Ala (A)…
16. Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 3-amino acid
polypeptide:
5'-ATGTGGTCATGA-3'
Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a
non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above?
First base in codon
U
C
A
G
UUU
UUC-
UUA
UUG-
H₂N+
H
H₂N-C-
Phe (F)
CUU-
CCU
CUC
CCC
CUA
CCA
CUG-
CCG
AUU
ACU
AUC Ile (1)
ACC
AUA
ACA
AUG Met (M) start ACG-
GUU
GCU
GUC
GCC
GUA
GCA
GUG-
GCG
Nonpolar side chains; hydrophobic
Leu (L)
U
Side chain (R group)
OH
CH₂
Leu (L)
H₂N-C
Val (V)
HO
Glycine
(Gly or G)
CH3
S
CH₂
CH₂
Polar side chains; hydrophilic
H O
Methionine
(Met or M)
0 H₂N-C
Second base in codon
UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG
OH CH,
CH
HO
Aspartic acid
(Asp or D)
HO
Alanine
(Ala or A)
0
H O
Serine
(Ser or S)
HO
Threonine
(Thr or T)
Electrically charged side chains; hydrophilic
CH3
H₂N-C-C-0-
Acidic (negatively charged)
CH₂
H₂N+ C
CH₂
CH₂
H₂N-C-C-0- H₂N-C-
C
CH₂
Ser (S)
Pro (P)
Thr (T)
H O…
30. How can one identify the presence of introns in a hybrid of DNA and mRNA? Give an example of non-coding RNA and a regulatory DNA element.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 9.1 - 1. Define heredity, genetics, genome, gene,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Compare the basic nature of genetic material in...Ch. 9.1 - 3. Explain how DNA is organized and packaged.Ch. 9.1 - 4. Describe the chemical structure of DNA and Its...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 9.1 - 6. Describe the process of DNA replication as it...Ch. 9.1 - 1. Compare the genetic material of eukaryotes,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Characterize the organization of genetic...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.1 - 4. What are the fundamental building blocks of DNA...
Ch. 9.1 - 5. Describe what is meant by the antiparallel...Ch. 9.1 - 6. Explain the synthesis of the leading and...Ch. 9.1 - 7. Name several characteristics of DNA structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 9.2 - 9. Describe the different types of RNA and their...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 9.2 - 11. Describe the genetic code, codons, and...Ch. 9.2 - 12. Recount the participants and steps in...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 9.2 - 8. How is the language of a gene expressed?Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 9.2 - 10. Construct a table that compares the structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 9.2 - 15. Briefly describe the events in translation.Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 9.2 - 17. Summarize how bacterial and eukaryotic cells...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 9.3 - 14. Explain the functions of operons in bacterial...Ch. 9.3 - 15. Describe the main features of the lactose...Ch. 9.3 - 16. Describe the main features of repressible...Ch. 9.3 - 17. Summarize some aspects of genetic control by...Ch. 9.3 - 19. What is an operon? Describe the functions of...Ch. 9.3 - 20. Compare and contrast the lac operon and...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 9.3 - 22. At which levels of DNA regulation do small...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 9.4 - Summarize the causes and types of mutations and...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 9.4 - Compare beneficial and detrimental effects of...Ch. 9.4 - Explain what is meant by the terms mutation and...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the primary causes, types, and outcomes...Ch. 9.4 - Explain the purposes behind replica plating and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain recombination in bacteria and what it...Ch. 9.5 - Describe the main features of conjugation and its...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 9.5 - Identify the basic processes involved in...Ch. 9.5 - Discuss transposons and their importance to...Ch. 9.5 - Compare conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain the differences between general and...Ch. 9.5 - By means of a flowchart, show the possible jumps...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the major elements of viral genetics.Ch. 9.6 - Compare aspects of the genetics of DNA and RNA...Ch. 9.6 - Explain why some viruses must enter the nucleus to...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the difference between positive-strand and...Ch. 9.6 - Outline the basic steps in the replication cycles...Ch. 9.L1 - What is the smallest unit of heredity (genotype)?...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 9.L1 - The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the a....Ch. 9.L1 - DNA replication is considered semiconservative...Ch. 9.L1 - In DNA, adenine is the complementary base for...Ch. 9.L1 - The base pairs are held together primarily by a....Ch. 9.L1 - Why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated...Ch. 9.L1 - Messenger RNA is formed by _______ of a gene on...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which genetic material could be transmitted...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which of the following is present in prokaryotes...Ch. 9.L1 - Multiple Matching. Fill in the blanks with all the...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 9.L1 - Explain how it would be possible for A. baumannii...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 9.L1 - The following sequence represents triplets on DNA:...Ch. 9.L1 - Describe the actions οf all of the enzymes...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 9.L1 - Examine the following series of words and identify...Ch. 9.L2 - Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle...Ch. 9.L2 - Using the piece of DNA in writing-challenge...Ch. 9.L2 - Why will a mistake in the RNA code alone not...Ch. 9.L2 - The enzymes required to carry out transcription...Ch. 9.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 9.L2 - Activation, transcription, and translation of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Explain the mechanisms by which RNA can control...Ch. 9.L2 - Ex�Ιain how epigenetics is related to the...Ch. 9.L2 - Use the concepts of chapters, letters, a whole...Ch. 9.L2 - From figure 9.17, step 3. Label each part of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Examine figure 8.11, and explain which type of...
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- 13. The codon for the amino acid methionine (met) is AUG. What is the corresponding anticodon found on the tRNA that carries the methionine amino acid?arrow_forward3. List the sequences for the "stop" codons.arrow_forward12. The following codons and the amino acids they encode is as follows: AUG = Met UUU, UUC = Phe UUA, UUG = Leu UCU, UCC = Ser CCU, CCC = Pro ACU, ACC = Thr %3D %3D The 5' - ACU-UUC-ACU-AUG-UUU-UUA-UCC-UCC-ACU-CCU-UGA-3' MRNA transcript results in a polypeptide. (a) Give the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of the polypeptide. (3) (b) Give the sequence of nucleotides corresponding to this transcript in: (i) the DNA strand that was read to produce the MRNA (5) (ii) the DNA strand that was NOT read (the coding strand) (5) (c) How many distinct aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases would be used in the synthesis of this polypeptide? (1) (d) Name TWO characteristics of the genetic code that are evident in the data given in the question. (2)arrow_forward
- 24. During the disassembly of a nucleosome which part of the nucleosomes is the first to be removed. What consequence does removal of this part have on the structure of the nucleosome?arrow_forward1. Given the anticodon in tRNA is CUU, name the amino acid that will be added. 2. Given the anticodon in tRNA is CUU, what is the complementary codon? 3. How many synonyms code for arginine? 4. How many codons code for the amino acid cysteine? 5. How many codons code for the amino acid histidine? 6. How many codons code for the amino acid threonine?arrow_forward1. What is the concept of universality of the genetic code? What are the exceptions to this universality?arrow_forward
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