Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9.2, Problem 14CYP
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The difference between codon and anti-codon.
Introduction:
Both codons and anti-codons are triplets of
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2. What is the relationship between a codon and an anticodon?
12. The following codons and the amino acids they encode is as follows:
AUG = Met
UUU, UUC = Phe
UUA, UUG = Leu
UCU, UCC = Ser
CCU, CCC = Pro
ACU, ACC = Thr
%3D
%3D
The 5' - ACU-UUC-ACU-AUG-UUU-UUA-UCC-UCC-ACU-CCU-UGA-3' MRNA transcript results in a
polypeptide.
(a) Give the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of the polypeptide. (3)
(b) Give the sequence of nucleotides corresponding to this transcript in:
(i) the DNA strand that was read to produce the MRNA (5)
(ii) the DNA strand that was NOT read (the coding strand) (5)
(c) How many distinct aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases would be used in the synthesis of
this polypeptide? (1)
(d) Name TWO characteristics of the genetic code that are evident in the data given in
the question. (2)
1. Discuss the difference between intron and Exon
Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 9.1 - 1. Define heredity, genetics, genome, gene,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Compare the basic nature of genetic material in...Ch. 9.1 - 3. Explain how DNA is organized and packaged.Ch. 9.1 - 4. Describe the chemical structure of DNA and Its...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 9.1 - 6. Describe the process of DNA replication as it...Ch. 9.1 - 1. Compare the genetic material of eukaryotes,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Characterize the organization of genetic...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.1 - 4. What are the fundamental building blocks of DNA...
Ch. 9.1 - 5. Describe what is meant by the antiparallel...Ch. 9.1 - 6. Explain the synthesis of the leading and...Ch. 9.1 - 7. Name several characteristics of DNA structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 9.2 - 9. Describe the different types of RNA and their...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 9.2 - 11. Describe the genetic code, codons, and...Ch. 9.2 - 12. Recount the participants and steps in...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 9.2 - 8. How is the language of a gene expressed?Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 9.2 - 10. Construct a table that compares the structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 9.2 - 15. Briefly describe the events in translation.Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 9.2 - 17. Summarize how bacterial and eukaryotic cells...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 9.3 - 14. Explain the functions of operons in bacterial...Ch. 9.3 - 15. Describe the main features of the lactose...Ch. 9.3 - 16. Describe the main features of repressible...Ch. 9.3 - 17. Summarize some aspects of genetic control by...Ch. 9.3 - 19. What is an operon? Describe the functions of...Ch. 9.3 - 20. Compare and contrast the lac operon and...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 9.3 - 22. At which levels of DNA regulation do small...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 9.4 - Summarize the causes and types of mutations and...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 9.4 - Compare beneficial and detrimental effects of...Ch. 9.4 - Explain what is meant by the terms mutation and...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the primary causes, types, and outcomes...Ch. 9.4 - Explain the purposes behind replica plating and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain recombination in bacteria and what it...Ch. 9.5 - Describe the main features of conjugation and its...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 9.5 - Identify the basic processes involved in...Ch. 9.5 - Discuss transposons and their importance to...Ch. 9.5 - Compare conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain the differences between general and...Ch. 9.5 - By means of a flowchart, show the possible jumps...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the major elements of viral genetics.Ch. 9.6 - Compare aspects of the genetics of DNA and RNA...Ch. 9.6 - Explain why some viruses must enter the nucleus to...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the difference between positive-strand and...Ch. 9.6 - Outline the basic steps in the replication cycles...Ch. 9.L1 - What is the smallest unit of heredity (genotype)?...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 9.L1 - The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the a....Ch. 9.L1 - DNA replication is considered semiconservative...Ch. 9.L1 - In DNA, adenine is the complementary base for...Ch. 9.L1 - The base pairs are held together primarily by a....Ch. 9.L1 - Why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated...Ch. 9.L1 - Messenger RNA is formed by _______ of a gene on...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which genetic material could be transmitted...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which of the following is present in prokaryotes...Ch. 9.L1 - Multiple Matching. Fill in the blanks with all the...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 9.L1 - Explain how it would be possible for A. baumannii...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 9.L1 - The following sequence represents triplets on DNA:...Ch. 9.L1 - Describe the actions οf all of the enzymes...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 9.L1 - Examine the following series of words and identify...Ch. 9.L2 - Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle...Ch. 9.L2 - Using the piece of DNA in writing-challenge...Ch. 9.L2 - Why will a mistake in the RNA code alone not...Ch. 9.L2 - The enzymes required to carry out transcription...Ch. 9.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 9.L2 - Activation, transcription, and translation of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Explain the mechanisms by which RNA can control...Ch. 9.L2 - Ex�Ιain how epigenetics is related to the...Ch. 9.L2 - Use the concepts of chapters, letters, a whole...Ch. 9.L2 - From figure 9.17, step 3. Label each part of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Examine figure 8.11, and explain which type of...
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- 10. List three examples of stop codons. a) b) c)arrow_forward13. The codon for the amino acid methionine (met) is AUG. What is the corresponding anticodon found on the tRNA that carries the methionine amino acid?arrow_forward15. The following is a list of some mRNA codons representing various amino acids. Met-AUG, Pro - CCC, Phe-UUU, Gly - GGC, GGU Leu - CUA, Arg - CGA, CGG Ser - UCU, Asp - AAU Thr-ACC, Val - GUA His - CAC A portion of a strand of DNA contains the following nucleotide sequence: 5'... AAA GAT TAC CAT GGG CCG GCT...3' (a) What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from it? (b) What is the amino acid sequence of this partially-synthesized protein? Cur or (c) What is the amino acid sequence if, during transcription, the third G on the left in the DNA is read as T? beri (d) What is the amino acid sequence if, during translation, the first two Us of the mRNA are not read and the fourth C from the left in the mRNA is not read or is deleted?arrow_forward
- 16. Which of the following is a characteristic of the genetic code? a. codons and anticodons consist of three bases b. each amino acid is represented by at least one codon C. one or more codons serve to indicate when protein synthesis is to stop d. no individual codons represent more than one amino acid e. More than one response is correctarrow_forward24. During the disassembly of a nucleosome which part of the nucleosomes is the first to be removed. What consequence does removal of this part have on the structure of the nucleosome?arrow_forward1. TRUE OR FALSE a) The genetic code in unambigous that means many codons can code for the same amino acids. b) There are no aminoacyl-tRNAs that will go to the A site of the ribosome when UGA is the codon.arrow_forward
- 76. Code the following mRNA strand into amino acids AUGUGUCGGGACACAUAAarrow_forward8) Explain translation from the perspective of an mRNA transcript.arrow_forward16. Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 3-amino acid polypeptide: 5'-ATGTGGTCATGA-3' Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above? First base in codon U A UUU UUC- UUA UUG- CUU CUC CUA CUG- AUU- ACU AUC Ile (1) ACC AUA- ACA AUG Met (M) start ACG GUU GCU GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG- GCG H₂N- U Phe (F) Leu (L) Leu (L) Nonpolar side chains; hydrophobic Val (V) Side chain (R group) H H₂N-C-C-0- HO Glycine (Gly or G) CH₂ H₂N*- CH₂ CH₂ H O Methionine (Met or M) Polar side chains; hydrophilic 0 CH₂ Second base in codon H O Aspartic acid (Asp or D) UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG Alanine (Ala or A) OH CH₂ H₂N-C C 0 H₂N-C C 0 H O Serine (Ser or S) H O Threonine (Thr or T) Electrically charged side chains; hydrophilic OH CH3 CH -0- H₂N+- Acidic (negatively charged) CH₂ H₂N-C-C-O HO C Ser (S) Pro (P) CH₂ CH₂ Thr (T) CH₂ H₂N-C Ala (A)…arrow_forward
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