Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 3QSDC
Besides the ones mentioned in this textbook, look for other examples of variations in euploidy. Perhaps you might look in more advanced textbooks concerning
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Aneuploidy is typically detrimental, whereas polyploidy is sometimes beneficial, particularly in plants. Discuss why you think this is the case.
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Heterozygotes are often healthy individuals because these mutations do not impact the dosages of any genes
Heterozygotes often exhibit reduced fertility, because translocated and wild-type chromosomes do not separate correctly during meiosis II
Homozygotes are often healthy individuals because these mutations do not impact the dosages of any genes
Heterozygotes often exhibit reduced fertility, because crossing over between inverted and wild-type chromosomes in Meiosis I results in inviable gametes
Heterozygotes often exhibit reduced fertility, because crossing over between inverted and wild-type chromosomes in Meiosis Il results in inviable gametes
Compare the following three terms: polyploidy, aneuploidy, and nondisjunction. Briefly discuss examples of each of these conditions.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 8.1 - 1. A chromosome that is metacentric has its...Ch. 8.1 - Staining eukaryotic chromosomes is useful because...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 8.3 - Which of the following statements is correct? a....Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 8.4 - 1. A paracentric inversion
a. includes the...Ch. 8.4 - Due to crossing over within an inversion loop, a...Ch. 8.4 - 3. A mechanism that may cause a translocation is...Ch. 8.5 - 1. Humans have 23 chromosomes per set. A person...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 8.7 - The term endopolyploidy refers to the phenomenon...Ch. 8.7 - 2. In agriculture, an advantage of triploidy in...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 8.8 - The somatic cells of an allotetraploid contain a....Ch. 8 - 1. Which changes in chromosome structure cause a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 8 - 3. How does a chromosomal duplication occur?
Ch. 8 - 4. What is a gene family? How are gene families...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 8 - Two chromosomes have the following orders for...Ch. 8 - An inversion heterozygote has the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 8 - Explain why inversions and reciprocal...Ch. 8 - 10. An individual has the following reciprocal...Ch. 8 - A phenotypically normal individual has the...Ch. 8 - 12. Two phenotypically normal parents produce a...Ch. 8 - With regard to the segregation of centromeres, why...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 8 - 16. A phenotypically abnormal individual has a...Ch. 8 - 17. A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. How...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 8 - 20. Aneuploidy is typically detrimental, whereas...Ch. 8 - 21. Explain how aneuploidy, deletions, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 8 - 23. A cytogeneticist has collected tissue samples...Ch. 8 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 8 - A zookeeper has collected a male and a female...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 8 - 27. What is mosaicism? How is it produced?
Ch. 8 - 28. Explain how polytene chromosomes of Drosophila...Ch. 8 - 29. Describe some of the advantages of polyploid...Ch. 8 - 30. While conducting field studies on a chain of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 8 - Which of the following terms should not be used to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 34CONQCh. 8 - A triploid plant has 18 chromosomes (i.e., 6...Ch. 8 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 8 - 38. A woman who is heterozygous, Bb, has brown...Ch. 8 - 39. What is an allodiploid? What factor determines...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40CONQCh. 8 - 41. Table 8.1 shows that Turner syndrome occurs...Ch. 8 - 42. Male honeybees, which are haploid, produce...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1EQCh. 8 - Prob. 2EQCh. 8 - With regard to the analysis of chromosome...Ch. 8 - 4. Describe how colchicine can be used to alter...Ch. 8 - 5. Describe the steps you would take to produce a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6EQCh. 8 - What are G bands? Discuss how G bands are useful...Ch. 8 - A female fruit fly has one normal X chromosome and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2QSDCCh. 8 - Besides the ones mentioned in this textbook, look...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4QSDCCh. 8 - 5. Discuss the importance of gene families at the...
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- How is aneuploidy different from polyploidy? What are the mechanisms by which aneuploidy and polyploidy are caused, and what are the consequences of these chromosomal alterations in terms of survival and fertility of the offspring? Edit View Insert Format Tools Tablearrow_forwardWhich of the following is false? Group of answer choices With a pericentric inversion, there is no loss in genetic material. Haploinsufficiency is caused by a duplication event causing increased expression of a gene. An effect of aneuploidy is that it changes the dosages of some genes. Pseudodominance indicates that one of the homologous chromosomes has a deletion. Sterility is a possible effect of autopolyploidyarrow_forwardOne reason that worker bees forgo their own reproduction to help their sister (the queen) reproduce is that female bees are more closely related to their sisters than they are to their own offspring. This quirk of genetics results from the fact that bees have haplodiploid sex determination, in which females are diploid, with a mother and a father, but males are haploid, developing from unfertilized eggs. Because males are haploid, they produce sperm by mitosis. Explainwhy haplodiploid sex determination causes females to be more closely related to their sisters than to their offspring.arrow_forward
- You are interested in studying the evolution of Rnase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility. You go into a population and identify 4 S-alleles present. These alleles are designated S1, S2, S3, and S4, and they occur in the sporophyte only as heterozygotes at equal frequency, in each of the 6 possible combinations: S1 S2 S₁ S3 S1 S4 S₂ S3 S₂ S4 S3 S4 Assuming random dispersal of pollen, what fraction of S₁ pollen grains that land on stigmas will be able to fertilize ovules in this population? Why?arrow_forwardA large plant arose in a natural population. Qualitatively,it looked just the same as the others, except much larger. Is it more likely to be an allopolyploid or anautopolyploid? How would you test that it was a polyploid and not just growing in rich soil?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by Euploidy?arrow_forward
- Groodies are useful (but fictional) haploid organisms that are pure genetic tools. A wild-type groody has a fat body, a long tail, and flagella. Mutant lines are known that have thin bodies, are tailless, or do not have flagella. Groodies can mate with one another (although they are so shy that we do not know how) and produce recombinants. A wild-type groody mates with a thin-bodied groody lacking both tail and flagella. The 1000 baby groodies produced are classified as shown in theillustration here. Assign genotypes, and map the three genes. (Problem 25 is from Burton S. Guttman.)arrow_forwardA heterozygous diploid yeast Aa Bb went through meiosis. What percentage of the haploid spores will have recombinant combinations of alleles? What if genes A and B are unlinked? Explain What is genes A and B are linked? Explainarrow_forwardThe table shows three related species of potato, and the number of chromosomes each species carries in its somatic cells. S. avilesii is diploid. S. tuberosum is the widely cultivated species. Potatoes propagate by asexual reproduction and do not depend only on gametes for reproduction. Species Number of chromosomes in somatic cells S. tuberosum is likely to be a larger, more vigorous plant than S. avilesii. Classify each statement about these potato species as true or false. Gametes produced by S. microdontum contain 18 chromosomes. S. microdontum is aneuploid. S. microdontum is a triploid with 3x chromosomes. Solanum avilesii True 24 The basic chromosome number (x) for these species is 6. S. tuberosum is a tetraploid with 4x chromosomes. Solanum microdontum 36 The basic chromosome number (x) for these species is 12. S. microdontum could have arisen only from a cross between S. avilesii and S. tuberosum. False Solanum tuberosum 48 S. microdontum could have arisen from a cross between…arrow_forward
- A) He might be more likely heterozygous black B He might be more likely homozygous brown C) He must be heterozygous brown. D) He must be homozygous black E He must be homozygous brown 2-11 "Dumpy" is a commonly used mutant phenotype in the nematode wom C. elegans. Two "Dumpy individuals are crossed to each other and this cross produces 210 "Dumpy" and 68 wild-type individuals. If one of the "Dumpy" individuals used in this cros5 was mated with a wild-type, what ratio of "Dumpy" wild-type would we observe in the offspring? A) 0:1 B) 1:0 C) 1:1 D) 1:3 E) 3:1 2-12 If genes assort independently, a testcrossed dihybrid characteristically produces progeny phenotypes in the ratio: A) 1:1 B) 1:1:1:1 c) 1:2:1 D) 3:1 E) 9:3:3:1 2-13 A fish of genotype a/a; B/b is crossed to a fish whose genotype is 4/a; B/b. What proportion of the progeny will be heterozygous for at least one of the genes? (Assume independent assortment.) A) 1/8 B) 1/4 C) 1/2 D) 5/8 E) 3/4 2-14 In hogs, a dominant allele B…arrow_forwardShown below are photomicrographs of Rhoeo tradescantia cells undergoing meiosis. Answer the following question for each of the photomicrographs: Identify the cytogenetic abnormality observed (ex. ring, chain, laggard, bridge). Identify the meiotic stage in which these aberrations are observed (as shown in the photomicrograph). Explain how these aberrations are formed and relate to the possible causal mutation(s). Will this result to sterile and/or fertile gametes? Explain.arrow_forwardA fruit fly was found to be heterozygous for a paracentric inversion. However, obtaining flies that were homozygous for the inversion was impossible even after many attempts. What is the most likely explanation for this inability to produce a homozygous inversion?arrow_forward
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