Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8.6, Problem 2COMQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Aneuploidy is thevariation in the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell in a total set of chromosomes. It mainly occurs when chromosomal differentiation is not done properly during mitotic differentiation and leads to a genetic disorder.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following situations does not describes a chromosomal mutation?
Select one:
a. A cytosine nucleotide is substituted for thymine nucleotide in a gene.
b. A portion of Chromosome 4 is deleted during interphase of meiosis.
c. The sister chromatids of Chromosome 18 do not separate during anaphase II.
d. A section of Chromosome 17 is duplicated leading to problems in the peripheral nervous system.
Can chromosome duplications cause negative effects to an organism? Why or why not?
A.
No. Duplicated regions of chromosomes are quickly lost by looping out during meiosis.
B.
Yes. Duplicated regions increase gene dosage, which affects processes like development that require specific amounts of protein.
C.
No. Cells with duplications function even more efficiently than those without duplications.
D.
No. Duplicated regions of chromosomes cannot affect gene dosage because the cell can always compensate for extra copies of genes.
E.
Yes. Duplicated regions require DNA to be replicated, which delays the cell cycle and wastes energy.
Why are multiple copies of the X chromosome tolerated?
A.
Genes on the X chromosome are not expressed during development.
B.
The extra copies of the X chromosome are inactivated.
C.
There are no genes on the X chromosome that are detrimental when present in multiple copies
D.
The X chromosome only encodes sex related genes
Chapter 8 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 8.1 - 1. A chromosome that is metacentric has its...Ch. 8.1 - Staining eukaryotic chromosomes is useful because...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 8.3 - Which of the following statements is correct? a....Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 8.4 - 1. A paracentric inversion
a. includes the...Ch. 8.4 - Due to crossing over within an inversion loop, a...Ch. 8.4 - 3. A mechanism that may cause a translocation is...Ch. 8.5 - 1. Humans have 23 chromosomes per set. A person...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 8.7 - The term endopolyploidy refers to the phenomenon...Ch. 8.7 - 2. In agriculture, an advantage of triploidy in...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 8.8 - The somatic cells of an allotetraploid contain a....Ch. 8 - 1. Which changes in chromosome structure cause a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 8 - 3. How does a chromosomal duplication occur?
Ch. 8 - 4. What is a gene family? How are gene families...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 8 - Two chromosomes have the following orders for...Ch. 8 - An inversion heterozygote has the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 8 - Explain why inversions and reciprocal...Ch. 8 - 10. An individual has the following reciprocal...Ch. 8 - A phenotypically normal individual has the...Ch. 8 - 12. Two phenotypically normal parents produce a...Ch. 8 - With regard to the segregation of centromeres, why...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 8 - 16. A phenotypically abnormal individual has a...Ch. 8 - 17. A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. How...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 8 - 20. Aneuploidy is typically detrimental, whereas...Ch. 8 - 21. Explain how aneuploidy, deletions, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 8 - 23. A cytogeneticist has collected tissue samples...Ch. 8 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 8 - A zookeeper has collected a male and a female...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 8 - 27. What is mosaicism? How is it produced?
Ch. 8 - 28. Explain how polytene chromosomes of Drosophila...Ch. 8 - 29. Describe some of the advantages of polyploid...Ch. 8 - 30. While conducting field studies on a chain of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 8 - Which of the following terms should not be used to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 34CONQCh. 8 - A triploid plant has 18 chromosomes (i.e., 6...Ch. 8 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 8 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 8 - 38. A woman who is heterozygous, Bb, has brown...Ch. 8 - 39. What is an allodiploid? What factor determines...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40CONQCh. 8 - 41. Table 8.1 shows that Turner syndrome occurs...Ch. 8 - 42. Male honeybees, which are haploid, produce...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1EQCh. 8 - Prob. 2EQCh. 8 - With regard to the analysis of chromosome...Ch. 8 - 4. Describe how colchicine can be used to alter...Ch. 8 - 5. Describe the steps you would take to produce a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6EQCh. 8 - What are G bands? Discuss how G bands are useful...Ch. 8 - A female fruit fly has one normal X chromosome and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2QSDCCh. 8 - Besides the ones mentioned in this textbook, look...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4QSDCCh. 8 - 5. Discuss the importance of gene families at the...
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- In fruit flies, dosage compensation is achieved bya. X-chromosome inactivation.b. doubling the expression of genes on the single X chromosome in the male.c. decreasing the expression of genes on the two X chromosomes by 50% in the female.d. all of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE about x chromosome inavtivation in mammals? A. It relies on chromatic remodeling B. It leads to the formation of Barr body. C. It only occurs in males. D. It involves histone modificationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE? Inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in the somatic cells of mammalian females..... a. underlies the Calico phenotype in cats. b. leads to cellular mosaicism in females heterozygous for an X-linked gene. c. affects 75 % of the paternal and 25 % of the maternal X-chromosomes of a mammalian body. d. leads to the formation of a Barr body in female cells' nuclei. e. is the mechanism in mammals to compensate for the higher dosage of X-linked genes in females as compared to males.arrow_forward
- a. What is the diploid number of chromosomes for a human? b. What is the haploid number of chromosomes for a human? Which cells are considered diploid, gametes or somatic cells? C. d. Which cells are considered haploid, gametes or somatic cells?arrow_forwardIn marsupials, X inactivation occurs exclusively to paternally derived chromosomes. Which genes will ALWAYS be expressed in this situation? A. maternal X-linked genes B. paternal X-linked genes C. maternal Y-linked genes D. paternal Y-linked genesarrow_forwardHow is homologous recombination for DNA repair different from recombination in meiosis? Choose all correct answers. a. HR in DNA repair requires a double-strand break, but meiotic recombination does not. b. HR in DNA repair requires strand invasion, but meiotic recombination does not. c. HR in DNA repair results in identical chromosomes. Meiotic recombination results in changes to the DNA sequence of the "repaired" chromosomes. d. HR in DNA repair uses a newly synthesized identical chromosome as a template. Meiotic recombination uses a homologous chromosome as a template.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is TRUE? Overexpression of the X-chromosome in the somatic cells of males a. leads to the formation of a Barr body in male cells' nuclei. b. leads to cellular mosaicism in males hemizygous for an X-linked gene. c. is characteristic of all XY systems of sex determination. d. is the mechanism in flies to compensate for the higher dosage of X-linked genes in females as compared to males. e. None of the abovearrow_forwardChromosome duplications often result in abnormal phenotypes because a. developmental processes depend on the relative amounts of proteins encoded by different genes.b. extra copies of the genes within the duplicated region do not pair in meiosis.c. the chromosome is more likely to break when it loops in meiosis.d. extra DNA must be replicated, which slows down cell division.arrow_forwardIn mammals, males have X and Y sex chromosomes, while females have two Xs. While the Y sex chromosome has very few genes associated with it, the X sex chromosome has many that are important to maintain life. How do mammals account for this in terms of equaling out gene expression levels? A. Mammals do not need to account for this, but birds do. B. Females produce more proteins from X-linked genes than males do. C. The single X of the males works twice as hard to keep up with the female’s two Xs. D. The females have one X inactivated to permit the males to keep pace with them.arrow_forward
- The process of mitotic recombination involves the a. exchange of chromosomal regions between homologsduring gamete formation.b. exchange of chromosomal regions between homologsduring the division of somatic cells.c. reassortment of alleles that occurs at fertilization.d. reassortment of alleles that occurs during gameteformation.arrow_forwardIn the haplodiploid system of sex determination in honey bees: a. homozygosity at the csd locus results in male-specific mRNA from the fem and Am-dsx genes, ultimately resulting in the development of an inviable diploid drone. b. the csd gene codes for CSD proteins, which splice the mRNA from the hunchback and gurken genes into female specific RNAs that code for female specific proteins. c. heterozygosity at the csd locus results in mRNA from the fem gene being spliced into femF which is transcribed into active FEM proteins that establish a positive feedback splicing loop that contributes to the development of a diploid female. d. heterozygosity for the Am-dsx gene results in mRNAs that ultimately contribute to the development of an aggressive, dominant queen, whereas homozygosity for the Am-dsx gene results mRNAs that contribute to the development of a subordinate, non-aggressive sterile worker. e. all of these are correct f. a & c g. b & darrow_forwarda. If a set of chromosomes is one copy of each kind of chromosome, how many sets are in a human sperm_____. How many chromosomes are in a human sperm____. b. How many sets of chromosomes are in a human egg_____. How many chromosomes are in a human egg_____. c. Why is there such a different in size and number of sperm cells in the testes compared to the number of oocytes in the ovaries ?arrow_forward
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