A heterozygous diploid yeast Aa Bb went through meiosis. What percentage of the haploid spores will have recombinant combinations of alleles? What if genes A and B are unlinked? Explain What is genes A and B are linked? Explain
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A heterozygous diploid yeast Aa Bb went through meiosis. What percentage of the haploid spores will have recombinant combinations of alleles?
What if genes A and B are unlinked? Explain
What is genes A and B are linked? Explain
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- Map distances were determined for four differentgenes (MAT, HIS4, THR4, and LEU2) on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:HIS4 ↔ MAT 37 cMTHR4 ↔ LEU2 35 cMLEU2 ↔ HIS4 23 cMMAT ↔ LEU2 16 cMMAT ↔ THR4 20 cMWhat is the order of genes on the chromosome?If there are 32 sister chromatieds in a normal somatic cell, what is the haploid number for that cell?In the haploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the twomating types are known as MATa and MATα. You cross apurple (ad-) strain of mating type a and a white (ad+)strain of mating type α. If ad- and ad+ are alleles of onegene, and a and α are alleles of an independently inherited gene on a separate chromosome pair, what progenydo you expect to obtain? In what proportions?
- In a haploid yeast strain, eight recessive mutationswere found that resulted in a requirement for theamino acid lysine. All the mutations were found to revert at a frequency of about 1 × 10−6 except mutations5 and 6, which did not revert. Matings were madebetween a and α cells carrying these mutations. Theability of the resultant diploid strains to grow onminimal medium in the absence of lysine is shown inthe following chart (+ means growth and − means nogrowth.)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 − + + + + − + −2 + − + + + + + +3 + + − − − − − +4 + + − − − − − +5 + + − − − − − +6 − + − − − − − −7 + + − − − − − +8 − + + + + − + −a. How many complementation groups were revealedby these data? Which point mutations are foundwithin which complementation groups?The same diploid strains are now induced to undergosporulation. The vast majority of resultant spores areauxotrophic; that is, they cannot form colonies whenplated on minimal medium (without lysine). However,particular diploids can produce rare spores…Certain plants may have more than two copies of a chromosome. In some wild strawberries octoploid individuals exist! If the haploid number for these strawberries is 7, how many chromosomes are there in a somatic cell of an octoploid individual of this species?If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at anaphase I? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at telophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many centromeres after prophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in after anaphase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in at metaphase I? PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THEM THEY ARE ALL CONNECTED, THANK YOU!
- In yeast, LYS5, ADE1, and URA2 are genes required to synthesize lysine, adenine and uracil, respectively. A MATa lys5 ADE1 URA2 haploid was mated to a MATA LYS5 ade1 ura2 haploid to make a triply heterozygous diploid. This diploid was put through meiosis, 100 tetrads were dissected and the spore colonies transferred to medium lacking either lysine, adenine or uracil to determine which spores were prototrophic or auxotrophic for those nutrients. The following results were obtained: LYS5-ADE1 ADE1-URA2 LYS5-URA2 PD NPD Ι 20 22 58 18 20 62 50 8 42 Based on this information, select the statements below that are TRUE. Select 4 correct answer(s) A) The LYS5 and URA2 genes are linked. B) The genotypes of the four spores in the ADE1-URA2 tetratypes is ade1 ura2 ade1 URA2 ADE1 ura2 ADE1 URA2 C) The map distance between ADE1 and URA2 is 51 CM. D) ADE1 and URA2 are likely located on the same chromosome. E) The map distance between LYS5 and URA2 is 29 CM. ☐ F) LYS5 and ADE1 independently assort…A single yeast cell placed on a solid agar will dividemitotically to produce a colony of about 107cells. Ahaploid yeast cell that has a mutation in the ade2 genewill produce a red colony; an ade2+ colony will bewhite. Some of the colonies formed from diploidyeast cells with a genotype of ade2+/ ade2− willcontain sectors of red within a white colony.a. How would you explain these sectors?b. Although the white colonies are roughly the samesize, the red sectors within some of the whitecolonies vary markedly in size. Why? Do youexpect the majority of the red sectors to be relativelylarge or relatively small?We have discussed meiosis in yeast. One ascus e one melotic event. Two haploid yeast strains are crossed together, one wild type, the other mutant for 2 linked genes. The resulting diploid strain undergoes melosis eventually (=many meiotic events > many asci). A. What will the results be if the 2 genes are very far away from each other (certainly more than 50 map units)? B. What will the results be if the two genes are right next to each other, "no distance at all, zero distance"? (Explain your answers). Results here are patterns of asci and their percentages. Like for example "50% tetratypes, 0% ditypes", etc. If you forgot what a ditype or a tetratype is, you can illustrate them like that.
- A sexually reproducing organism has the following phenotype DdEeAaTt: The D and E loci are on the same arm of a metacentric chromosome in cis configuration. The A locus is on the long arm of an acrocentric chromosome and the T locus is on a telocentric chromosome. There are no other chromosomes. 1. What is the haploid number of this organism? 2. Using diagrams, show a cell at metaphase of mitosis and show the results of mitosis. Ensure you show the location of the gene loci on the different chromosomes.Meiosis is characterized by the pairing of homologouschromosomes during prophase I. In many species, an elaboratestructure called the synaptonemal complex forms betweenhomologues. During this pairing, homologues may exchangechromosomal material at sites called chiasmata. In meiosis I, thehomologues separate from each other, reducing the chromosomenumber to the haploid state (thus the reductive division). It isfollowed by a second division without replication, during whichsister chromatids become separated. The result of meiosis I and IIis four haploid cells. If sister chromatids separated at the first division, would meiosis still work?When is a tetrad specifically formed? Would it be found in a haploid or diploid cell? What event caused the mosaic (mixed) appearance of the 2 inside chromatids?