Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 13EQ
If two bacterial genes are 0.6 minute apart on the bacterial chromosome, what cotransduction frequency would you expect to observe in a cotransduction experiment using P1 phage?
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As mentioned in question 2 of More Genetic TIPS, origins oftransfer can be located in many different places on a bacterial chromosome,and their direction of transfer can be clockwise or counterclockwise.Let’s suppose a researcher conjugated six differentHfr strains that were thr + leu + tons str r azis lac + gal + pro + met +to an F − strain that was thr − leu − tonr str s azir lac − gal − pro −met −, and obtained the following results:
Draw a map of the circular E. coli chromosome that shows thelocations and orientations of the origins of transfer in these six Hfrstrains.
Let’s suppose a new strain of P1 phage has been identified thatpackages larger pieces of the E. coli chromosome. This P1 strainpackages pieces of the E. coli chromosome that are 5 minuteslong. If two genes are 0.7 minute apart along the E. coli chromosome,what would be the cotransduction frequency using a normalstrain of P1 and using the new strain of P1 that packages largerpieces? What would be the experimental advantage of using thisnew P1 strain?
You co-culture the following bacterial strains: an Hfr prototroph and an F- auxotroph for the genes mal, met, mtl, and xyl. You interrupt conjugation at various time points and place the mixtures on media plates lacking each of the nutrients. Based on the results shown on the right, what is the order of these four genes along the bacterial chromosome? Explain your reasoning.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 7.1 - 1. A form of genetic transfer that involves the...Ch. 7.2 - 1. A bacterial cell with an F factor conjugates...Ch. 7.2 - 2. Which of the following is a type of plasmid?...Ch. 7.3 - 1. With regard to conjugation, a key difference...Ch. 7.3 - 2. In mapping experiments, ______ strains are...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 7.4 - Cotransduction may be used to map bacterial genes...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 7.6 - 1. Which of the following is an example of...
Ch. 7 - 1. The terms conjugation, transduction, and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 7 - If you mix together an equal number of F+ and F...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between an F+ and an Hfr...Ch. 7 - 5. What is the role of the origin of transfer...Ch. 7 - 6. What is the role of sex pili during...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 7 - 10. What is cotransduction? What determines the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 7 - Describe the steps that occur during bacterial...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 7 - Antibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1EQCh. 7 - 2. In the experiment of Figure 7.1, Lederberg and...Ch. 7 - Explain how a U-tube apparatus can distinguish...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4EQCh. 7 - 5. In a conjugation experiment, what is meant by...Ch. 7 - In your laboratory, you have an F strain of E....Ch. 7 - 7. As mentioned in question 2 of More Genetic...Ch. 7 - An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed...Ch. 7 - Acridine orange is a chemical that inhibits the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10EQCh. 7 - Prob. 11EQCh. 7 - Lets suppose a new strain of P1 phage has been...Ch. 7 - If two bacterial genes are 0.6 minute apart on the...Ch. 7 - 14. In a cotransduction experiment involving P1,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15EQCh. 7 - Prob. 16EQCh. 7 - 1. Discuss the advantages of the genetic analysis...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2QSDC
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- You co-culture the following bacterial strains: an Hfr prototroph and an F- auxotroph for the genes mal, met, mtl, and xyl. You interrupt conjugation at various time points and place the mixtures on media plates lacking each of the nutrients. Based on the results shown in the image, what is the order of these four genes along the bacterial chromosome? Please explain!arrow_forwardE. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interferencearrow_forwardA series of Hfr strains that have genotype m+ n+ o+ p+ q+ r+ are mixed with an F− strain that has genotype m− n− o− p− q− r−. Conjugation is interrupted at regular intervals and the order of the appearance of genes from the Hfr strain is determined in the recipient cells. The order of gene transfer for each Hfr strain is What is the order of genes on the circular bacterial chromosome? For each Hfr strain, give the location of the F factor in the chromosome and its polarity. Hfr5 m+ q+ p+ n+ r+ o+ Hfr4 n+ r+ o+ m+ q+ p+ Hfr1 o+ m+ q+ p+ n+ r+ Hfr9 q+ m+ o+ r+ n+ p+arrow_forward
- An Hfr strain that is leuA+ and thiL+ was mixed with a strain thatis leuA− and thiL−. In the data points shown in the following graph,the conjugation was interrupted at different time points, and thepercentage of recombinants for each gene was determined bystreaking on a medium that lacked either leucine or thiamine.What is the map distance (in minutes) between these two genes?arrow_forwardLinkage maps in an Hfr bacterial strain are calculated in units of minutes (the number of minutes between genes indicates the length of time that it takes for the second gene to follow the first in conjugation). In making such maps, microbial geneticists assume that the bacterial chromosome is transferred from Hfr to F − at a constant rate. Thus, two genes separated by 10 minutes near the origin end are assumed to be the same physical distance apart as two genes separated by 10 minutes near the F −attachment end. Suggest a critical experiment to test the validity of this assumption.arrow_forwardIn the Hershey Chase experiment, why was the localization of radio-labeled phage of macromolecules in the cytoplasm the reason that the genetic material identity was proved.arrow_forward
- The figure below shows a partial chromosome map of an E. coli Hfr strain. Each mark = 10 minutes between conjugation transfer time. If transfer of genes begins at “*” relative to the origin of transfer, what is one of the predicted results from this map? It would take less than 30 minutes to transfer all of the genes that are shown. gal and azi will rarely be transferred together. gal and ton will rarely be transferred together. Ten minutes after transfer of ton, lac will be transferred. This strain will produce very few gal recombinants.arrow_forwardDNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a + b + c + d + e + is used to transform a strain with genotype a – b – c – d – e – . Pairs of genes are checked for co-transformation and results shown below are obtained. Based on these results, what is the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome? Show how you work out the order by diagraming.arrow_forwardWith respect to F+ and F- bacterial matings, answer the following questions: (a) How was it established that physical contact between cells was necessary? (b) How was it established that chromosome transfer was unidirectional? (c) What is the genetic basis for a bacterium’s being F+?arrow_forward
- An Hfr strain that is leuA+ and thiL+ was mixed with a strain thatis leuA− and thiL−. In the data points shown in the following graph,the conjugation was interrupted at different time points, and thepercentage of recombinants for each gene was determined bystreaking on a medium that lacked either leucine or thiamine.What information do you know based on the question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forwardDNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ is used to transform a strain with genotype a– b– c– d– e–. Pairs of genes are checked for co-transformation and results shown below are obtained. Based on these results, what is the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome? please show how you worked out the order by diagraming, thank you! Pair of genes Co-transformation a+ and b+ no a+ and c+ no a+ and d+ yes a+ and e+ yes b+ and c+ yes b+ and d+ no b+ and e+ no c+ and d+ no c+ and e+ yes d+ and e+ noarrow_forwardIn a conjugation experiment, what is meant by the time of entry? How is the time of entry determined experimentally?arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license