Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 5, Problem 25RA
Suppose a drug is developed that promotes the channeling of
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding oxidative phosphorylation?
The pH is higher in the matrix relative to that in the inter-membrane space.
A large positive difference in reduction potential is associated with a small negative free energy change.
Electrons from FADH2 enter at complex II because the reduction potential of FADH2 is greater than that of redox centers in complex I.
Oxidation and phosphorylation are coupled via a proton gradient.
Within a cell, the complete breakdown of glucose to generate ATP occurs by two fundamentally different mechanisms. Name and briefly describe these mechanisms.
During oxidative phosphorylation: H+ are actively transported from __ to __? How does this process of active transport of H+ relate to how ATP is produced?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 5 - Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial...Ch. 5 - What are the initial substrates and final products...Ch. 5 - Describe the physiological functions of lactic...Ch. 5 - Compare the fate of pyruvate in aerobic and...Ch. 5 - Draw a simplified citric acid cycle and indicate...Ch. 5 - Explain how NADH and FADH2 contribute to oxidative...Ch. 5 - Explain how ATP is produced in oxidative...Ch. 5 - Describe glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, and...Ch. 5 - Explain the significance of gluconeogenesis and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6aCP
Ch. 5 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 5 - Describe transamination and deamination and...Ch. 5 - List five blood-borne energy carriers and explain,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RACh. 5 - In anaerobic metabolism, the oxidizing agent for...Ch. 5 - When skeletal muscles lack sufficient oxygen,...Ch. 5 - The conversion of lactic acid to pyruvic acid...Ch. 5 - Which of these statements about the oxygen in the...Ch. 5 - In terms of the number of ATP molecules directly...Ch. 5 - Ketone bodies are derived from
Ch. 5 - Prob. 8RACh. 5 - The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to free...Ch. 5 - The formation of glucose from pyruvic acid derived...Ch. 5 - Which of these organs has an almost absolute...Ch. 5 - When amino acids are used as an energy source,
Ch. 5 - Intermediates formed during fatty acid metabolism...Ch. 5 - State the advantages and disadvantages of the...Ch. 5 - What purpose is served by the formation of lactic...Ch. 5 - Describe the effect of cyanide on oxidative...Ch. 5 - Describe the metabolic pathway by which glucose...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18RACh. 5 - Explain how energy is obtained from the metabolism...Ch. 5 - Prob. 20RACh. 5 - Why is the production of lactic acid termed a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 22RACh. 5 - What three molecules serve as the major substrates...Ch. 5 - A friend, wanting to lose weight, eliminates all...Ch. 5 - Suppose a drug is developed that promotes the...Ch. 5 - For many years, the total number of molecules of...Ch. 5 - People who are starving have very thin arms and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 28RACh. 5 - Prob. 29RACh. 5 - Prob. 30RACh. 5 - Prob. 31RACh. 5 - Prob. 32RACh. 5 - Prob. 33RA
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- Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: If the inner mitochondrial membrane were rendered as permeable as the outer membrane, how would that affect oxidative phosphorylation? Which specific processes would stop and which remain?arrow_forwardIs ATPase a phosphatase? Both ATPase and phosphatases remove phosphate groups.arrow_forwardThe most common fatty acid that exists in coconut oil is a fatty acid called lauric acid. This is a 12 carbon saturated (12:0) fatty acid. How many net ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a single molecule of lauric acid after it enters into a muscle cell? Show steps pleasearrow_forward
- Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding oxidative phosphorylation? Oxidation and phosphorylation are coupled via a proton gradient. A large positive difference in reduction potential is associated with a small negative free energy change. Electrons from FADH2 enter at complex II because the reduction potential of FADH2 is greater than that of redox centers in complex I. The pH is higher in the matrix relative to that in the inter-membrane space.arrow_forwardUnder extensive energy needs cells are constantly converting sugar into CO2 as a result of cellular respiration. In order for this process to occur cells need a significant amount of Oxygen. Explain how the production of CO2 and other biproducts of cellular respiration leads to efficient delivery of Oxygen to the cell. ( hint: think T&R state)arrow_forward
- which of these events occur during the normal function of ATP in the cell?arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of using ATP as a common energy source?Another way of asking this question is, “Why does ATP provide anadvantage over using a bunch of different food molecules?” For example,instead of just having a Na+/K+-ATPase in a cell, why not have manydifferent ion pumps, each driven by a different food molecule, like aNa+/K+-glucosase (a pump that uses glucose), a Na+/K+-sucrase (a pumpthat uses sucrose), a Na+/K+-fatty acidase (a pump that uses fatty acids),and so on?arrow_forwardOxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is formed in the mitochondria, which motor like transmembrane protein is responsible for ATP’s formation?arrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following processes would be expected to involve the conversion of ATP to ADP or the conversion of ADP to ATP. a) Heart muscle contraction b) transport of nutrients to various locations in the bodyarrow_forwardExplain how phosphorylation is involved in the function of the sodium–potassium ATPase.arrow_forwardIn the pathways of cell metabolism, 1) glycolysis does NOT occur in the mitochondria, AND 2) the proton gradient in oxidative phosphorylation occurs through a PASSIVE transport process. True Falsearrow_forward
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