Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 13RA
Intermediates formed during fatty acid
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Which of the following is the chemical end product of fatty-acids metabolized in the beta-oxidation pathway?
Select one:
a.
Beta-carotine
b.
Free-radicals
c.
Lactic acid
d.
Acetyl-CoA
e.
Pyruvate
Which of the following produces the highest
number of reducing equivalent molecules per
mole of a saturated 10 carbon fatty acid chain
in aerobic conditions?
A. Oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate
B. the Electron Transport Chain
C. Oxidation of a-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-COA
D. the B-Oxidation "spiral"
Before a fatty acid can undergo β-oxidation, it must be activated and then shuttled across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The activating agent and shuttle molecule are, respectively:
A. CoA and carnitine
B. CoA and citrate
C. acetyl CoA and carnitine
D. acetyl CoA and citrate
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 5 - Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial...Ch. 5 - What are the initial substrates and final products...Ch. 5 - Describe the physiological functions of lactic...Ch. 5 - Compare the fate of pyruvate in aerobic and...Ch. 5 - Draw a simplified citric acid cycle and indicate...Ch. 5 - Explain how NADH and FADH2 contribute to oxidative...Ch. 5 - Explain how ATP is produced in oxidative...Ch. 5 - Describe glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, and...Ch. 5 - Explain the significance of gluconeogenesis and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6aCP
Ch. 5 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 5 - Describe transamination and deamination and...Ch. 5 - List five blood-borne energy carriers and explain,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RACh. 5 - In anaerobic metabolism, the oxidizing agent for...Ch. 5 - When skeletal muscles lack sufficient oxygen,...Ch. 5 - The conversion of lactic acid to pyruvic acid...Ch. 5 - Which of these statements about the oxygen in the...Ch. 5 - In terms of the number of ATP molecules directly...Ch. 5 - Ketone bodies are derived from
Ch. 5 - Prob. 8RACh. 5 - The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to free...Ch. 5 - The formation of glucose from pyruvic acid derived...Ch. 5 - Which of these organs has an almost absolute...Ch. 5 - When amino acids are used as an energy source,
Ch. 5 - Intermediates formed during fatty acid metabolism...Ch. 5 - State the advantages and disadvantages of the...Ch. 5 - What purpose is served by the formation of lactic...Ch. 5 - Describe the effect of cyanide on oxidative...Ch. 5 - Describe the metabolic pathway by which glucose...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18RACh. 5 - Explain how energy is obtained from the metabolism...Ch. 5 - Prob. 20RACh. 5 - Why is the production of lactic acid termed a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 22RACh. 5 - What three molecules serve as the major substrates...Ch. 5 - A friend, wanting to lose weight, eliminates all...Ch. 5 - Suppose a drug is developed that promotes the...Ch. 5 - For many years, the total number of molecules of...Ch. 5 - People who are starving have very thin arms and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 28RACh. 5 - Prob. 29RACh. 5 - Prob. 30RACh. 5 - Prob. 31RACh. 5 - Prob. 32RACh. 5 - Prob. 33RA
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- Chemical energy contained in the fatty acids that are produced in the digestion of triglycerides is converted to chemical potential energy in NADH or FADH2 in which of the following processes? a. oxidative phosphorylation b. gluconeogenesis c. Glycolysis d. B-oxidation e. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the citric acid cycle? A. Fatty acids B. All of the choices are correct. C. Protein D. Glucosearrow_forwardPyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA a. Through oxidative carboxylation process in the cytoplasm b. Through glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver c. Through dehydration process in the mitochondrial matrix d. Through aldolase in the cytoplasm e. Through oxidative decarboxylation process in the mitochondrial matrixarrow_forward
- Which of these statements about lactate dehydrogenase is true? a.It is a protein. b.It oxidizes lactic acid. c.It reduces another molecule (pyruvic acid). d.All of these are true.arrow_forwardWhich carbons of Glucose 1-Phosphate will be incorporated into Lauric acid (C-12) by the Fatty Acid Synthase? (One or multiple answers) a. Carbon 1 b. Carbon 2 c. Carbon 3 d. Carbon 4 e. Carbon 5 f. Carbon 6 g. All carbons will be incorporated. h. No carbons will be incorporatedarrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is: a. The reduction of the acetoacetyl group to a ?-hydroxybutyryl group b. Formation of malonyl-CoA from malonate and coenzyme A. c. Condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. d. The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true concerning the function of lipoic acid in pyruvate metabolism? a. transfer of acetyl groups b. pyruvate decarboxylation c. conversion of pyruvate to lactate d. oxidation of FADH2 to yield NADHarrow_forwardWhich citric acid cycle intermediate can move from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm to become the activator of fatty acid synthesis? Select one: a. Succinyl-CoA b. Fumarate c. Citrate d. Malatearrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT produced during the reactions of acetyl-CoA formation? (only one choice is correct) A. Acetyl CoA B. Electrons C. CO2 D. ATParrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the "central role" of TCA is/are correct? a. Some metabolic intermediates of TCA are used as non-carbohydrate sources for gluconeogenesis. b. β-oxidation of lipids produces acetyl-CoA that can enter TCA. c. All metabolic intermediates in TCA are used in the biosynthesis of amino acids. d. Degraded amino acids are converted to metabolic intermediates of TCA, then to ketone bodies.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about the citric acid cycle a. The Citric Acid Cycle is an 8-step cycle that produces the most electron carrier molecules throughout the process of cellular respiration. b. In Citric Acid Cycle, both the acetyl group and coenzyme A of Acetyl CoA are combined to oxaloacetate. c. In Citric Acid Cycle, glucose is only partially broken down and there are still remnants of glucose after this process. d. The ATP produced during this process is via oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase b. dihydrolipoyl transacetylase c. pyruvate dehydrogenase d. dihydrolipoyl catalasearrow_forward
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