Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 1QSDC
Recessive maternal effect genes are identified in flies (for example) when a
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You are working in the lab with strains of Drosophila that have either normal legs or abnormally short legs and you are studying the gene responsible. You know that normal legs are dominant to short legs. You come across a misplaced fly with normal legs, but you are not sure of his genetic background and you want to keep him in your experiments.
(Without doing a molecular analysis), How could you figure out whether he was heterozygous or homozygous for the leg gene that you are studying? (Describe what you would do and how the results would answer the question.)
What is the procedure you described above called?
You ave established a mutant line of flies with a balancer chromosome.
The balancer chromosome includes GFP and a mutation in gene X that
causes flies to be sterile in the homozygous state. The recessive mutation
that you are studying is in gene Y, and causes flies to develop two tail
ends in the homozygous state. This mutation is lethal in the homozygous
state.
For each of the following phenotypes in the balanced mutant line, what
alleles are present and in how many copies?
a.) Glows green, fertile (Select]
b.) Glows green, sterile [Select)
c.) does not glow green, two tails (Select]
If you crossed a fly from your balanced line with the following flies, what
proportion of the offspring would glow green and be fertile?
d.) wild-type [Select )
e.) fly with balancer chromosome from parental generation
[ Select ]
Dr. Disney has been raising exotic fruit flies for decades. Recently, he discovered a strain of fruit flies that in the recessive condition have baby blue eyes that he designates as bb. He also has another strain of fruit flies that in the recessive condition have pink wings that are designated as pw. He is able to establish flies that are homozygous for both mutant traits.He mates these two strains with each other. Dr. Disney then takes phenotypically wild- type females from this cross and mates them with double recessive males. In the resulting testcross progeny, he observes 500 flies that are of the following makeup:41 with baby blue eyes and pink wings207 with baby blue eyes only210 with pink wings only42 with wild-type phenotype14. Assuming the wild-type alleles for these two genes are b+ and pw+, what is the correct testcross of the F1 flies?A) b+ pw+/b pw ⋅ b pw/b pwB) b+ pw+/b pw ⋅ b pw+/b+ pwC) b+ pw/b pw+ ⋅ b pw/b pwD) b+ pw/b pw+ ⋅ b+ pw+/b pwE) b+ pw+/b pw ⋅ b+ pw/b…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 5.1 - A female snail that coils to the left has...Ch. 5.1 - 2. What is the molecular explanation for maternal...Ch. 5.2 - 1. In fruit flies, dosage compensation is achieved...Ch. 5.2 - 2. According to the Lyon hypothesis,
a. one of...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - 1. In mice, the copy of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 5.3 - 2. A female mouse that is is crossed to a male...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 5.4 - 1. Extranuclear inheritance occurs due to
a....
Ch. 5.4 - 2. A cross is made between a green four-o’clock...Ch. 5.4 - 3. Some human diseases are caused by mutations in...Ch. 5.4 - 4. Chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from an...Ch. 5 - Define the term epigenetic inheritance, and...Ch. 5 - 2. Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal...Ch. 5 - A maternal effect gene exists in a dominant N...Ch. 5 - 4. A Drosophila embryo dies during early...Ch. 5 - 5. For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype...Ch. 5 - Suppose a maternal effect gene exists as a...Ch. 5 - Suppose that a gene affects the anterior...Ch. 5 - Explain why maternal effect genes exert their...Ch. 5 - As described in Chapter 22, researchers have been...Ch. 5 - 10. With regard to the numbers of sex chromosomes,...Ch. 5 - 11. What is a Barr body? How is its structure...Ch. 5 - Among different species, describe three distinct...Ch. 5 - 13. Describe when X-chromosome inactivation occurs...Ch. 5 - 14. Describe the molecular process of X-chromosome...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 5 - 16. How many Barr bodies would you expect to find...Ch. 5 - 17. Certain forms of human color blindness are...Ch. 5 - A black female cat (XBXB) and an orange male cat...Ch. 5 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 5 - When does the erasure and reestablishment phase of...Ch. 5 - In what types of cells would you expect de novo...Ch. 5 - 22. On rare occasions, people are born with a...Ch. 5 - Genes that cause Prader-Willi syndrome and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 5 - What is extranuclear inheritance? Describe three...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 5 - Among different species, does extranuclear...Ch. 5 - Extranuclear inheritance often correlates with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 5 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 5 - Which of the following traits or diseases is (are)...Ch. 5 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 5 - 33. Describe how a biparental pattern of...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.1 describes an example of a maternal...Ch. 5 - 2. Discuss the types of experimental observations...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 5 - As a hypothetical example, a trait in mice results...Ch. 5 - You have a female snail that coils to the right,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6EQCh. 5 - 7. Figure 5.6 describes the results of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8EQCh. 5 - In the experiment of Figure 5.6, why does a clone...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10EQCh. 5 - 11. A variegated trait in plants is analyzed using...Ch. 5 - 1. Recessive maternal effect genes are identified...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2QSDC
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- A female from true breeding line of Drosophila with white eyes is crossed with a male from a true breeding line with brown eyes. All of the offspring have wild type brick red eyes. Which of the following explanations is most likely? A) There are many alleles for the single gene for eye color. Wild type brick red eyes result only when the fly is heterozygous. B) The alleles for brown, white, and brick red eyes are alleles for a single locus. The allele for brown eye color is dominant to the allele for brick red eye color and to the allele for white eyes. C) There is more than one gene for eye color. The brown mutation and the white mutation occur in separate genes and are both recessive to the wild type alleles. The offspring are heterozygous for both genes, so they are phenotypically wild type. D) None of the above. It is not possible for a cross between a white-eyed and a brown-eyed fly to produce wild type offspring.arrow_forwardFemales from a pure-breeding curly-winged strain are mated with males from a pure-breeding straight-winged (wild-type) strain. The F1 mate with each other to produce an F2 generation that consists of 160 flies with curly wings and 80 with straight wings. What can you infer from this observation? Explain your answer and why the other options do not qualify, A) Curly wings is a recessive trait. B) The dominant curly wing allele is also a recessive lethal. C) Wing shape is controlled by two codominant alleles. D) Two interacting genes determine wing shape. E) All of the hybrid F 1 flies had straight wings.arrow_forwardIn fruit flies, you are studying three genes, whose recessive alleles can generate interesting traits. The abnormal traits are “short” – gene s, “ruby-eyed” – gene r, and “ebony body” – gene e. You have been provided an F1 population of flies that are heterozygous at all three of these gene and you testcross these flies by “ssrree” flies. The attached image lists any recessive traits displayed by the flies, unlisted traits are wild type. d) develop a genetic map for this locus, noting your calculated map distances.e) If possible, calculate interferencearrow_forward
- In fruit flies, you are studying three genes, whose recessive alleles can generate interesting traits. The abnormal traits are “short” – gene s, “ruby-eyed” – gene r, and “ebony body” – gene e. You have been provided an F1 population of flies that are heterozygous at all three of these gene and you testcross these flies by “ssrree” flies. The attached image lists any recessive traits displayed by the flies, unlisted traits are wild type. a) the genotype of the parental flies used to make the F1 population,b) determine if any of these three genes are located on the same chromosome or are unlinked,c) if possible, correct your data for double crossover events evidenced in the ratios,arrow_forwardIt is assumed that in Drosophila the following genotypes produce phenotypes. َA- B- = Red color A- bb = Plum color aa B- = Magenta color aa bb = White color The third latent genotype, cc, kills homozygous Plums, but has no effect on other genotypes. Also, genotype C- does not produce a large phenotype. If first-generation Drosophilas are heterozygous for all of these genes and interbreed, what phenotypic ratios are expected in society?arrow_forwardIn the species Polyfarius obscescens, one gene controls lipid storage. Individuals with the dominant F allele are fat, and individuals homozygous for the f allele are not. Transgenic individuals that contain the GFP gene (which produces green fluorescent protein) have also been created. A geneticist has mated a P0 generation green and fat individual with another individual that is neither green nor fat. Using appropriate genetic nomenclature, list all of the possible genotypes of both parents.arrow_forward
- A maternal effect gene in Drosophila, called torso, is found as a recessive allele that prevents the correct development of anterior- and posterior-most structures. A wild-type (homozygous) male is crossed to a female of unknown genotype. This mating produces 100% larva that are missing their anterior- and posterior-most structures and therefore die during early development. What is the genotype and phenotype of the female fly in this cross? What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the female fly’s parents? Show COMPLETE cross.arrow_forwardConsider the first category of test-cross offspring shown in figure 8.2 (+b, LS). Consider also that the parents of the heterozygous female flies in the test cross had the following genotypes: bb, SS, and +, LL. A. What would be the physical phenotype of these flies? B. If PCR was conducted with the DNA of one of these flies using the primers for the molecular marker, what would be the appearance of the bands on an electrophoresis gel with the PCR products? C. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker (L long or S short) were unlinked, what proportion of the test-cross progeny would be black flies that are heterozygous for the molecular marker? What proportion would be flies with normal body color, which are homozygous for one form of the molecular marker? D. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker were linked, how would the proportion of flies be different?arrow_forwardTwo different strains of Drosophila, strain A and strain B, each has a recessive mutation that results in abnormally bright red eye color. (Wild type flies have brownish red eye color). When a homozygous strain A fly is crossed with a homozygous B fly, all of the progeny have the dominant wild type eye color. The wild type-eyed progeny were allowed to breed among themselves to produce the F2 generation. The F2 generation consisted of 92 wild type and 74 bright red-eyed flies. Write the genotype(s) of the flies in each generation. Use a low dash (e.g. A_ B_) to indicate genotypes that could be either homozygous or heterozygous) a) parental strain A b) parental strain B c) wild type progeny (F1) d) wild type F2 e) bright-eyed F2arrow_forward
- A researcher crosses mice with brown eyes and long tails, and the F1 progeny were recovered in the following numbers and phenotypic classes: F1: 6 apricot, short : 30 brown, long : 15 brown, short : 9 apricot, long You know the genes encoding these traits are autosomal, completely dominant and assort independently. You want to use a chi-square test to analyse these results. a) Making use of the appropriate genetic convention for naming alleles, give the genotype of the male parent in this cross. b) What is your null hypothesis for the chi-square test? c) Give the expected number of individuals in the "brown, long" class. d) You obtain a value of 3.47 for the chi-square test. What conclusion can you make from the results of the chi-square test? P df 0.995 0.975 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.05* 0.025 0.01 0.005 1 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.455 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 2 0.010 0.051 0.211 1.386 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597 0.072 0.216 0.584 2.366 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838 4 0.207 0.484 1.064 3.357…arrow_forwardRed eyes (r), brown color (b), and curled wings (c) are 3 recessive mutations that occur in house flies. These genes have already been mapped: r-b = 12 mu b-c = 18 mu r-c = 30 mu A fly with red eyes, brown color, and curled wings is crossed with a fly homozygous for the wild-type traits. The F1 males are crossed with females with the three mutant traits and 2000 progeny are produced. Find the number of observed double crossovers if the interference is 0.38. O 43 O 62 O 27 O 16arrow_forwardA Drosophila strain with two mutated phenotypes was crossed with a wild-type Drosophila strain. The wild-type phenotypes were present in all of the F1 flies. The F1 flies were bred with one another. The F2 generation, on the other hand, did not have the predicted 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. Explain why these outcomes occurred.arrow_forward
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