Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 18CONQ
A black female cat
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Butterflies have an X-Y sex-determination system that is different from that of flies or humans. Female butterflies may be either XY or X0, while butterflies with two or more X chromosomes are males. This photograph shows a tiger swallowtail gynandromorph, which is half male (left side) and half female (right side). Given that the first division of the zygote divides the embryo into the future right and left halves of the butterfly, propose a hypothesis that explains how nondisjunction during the first mitosis might have produced this unusual-looking butterfly.
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During meiosis in male mammals, sex chromosomes segregate to produce two types of sperm: X‑bearing sperm and Y‑bearing sperm.
True or false?
The duck-billed platypus has a unique mechanism of sex determination: females have five pairs of X chromosomes (X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5) and males have five pairs of X and Y chromosomes (X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5Y5). Do you think each of the X and Y chromosome pairs in males assorts independently of other X and Y pairs during meiosis? Why or why not?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 5.1 - A female snail that coils to the left has...Ch. 5.1 - 2. What is the molecular explanation for maternal...Ch. 5.2 - 1. In fruit flies, dosage compensation is achieved...Ch. 5.2 - 2. According to the Lyon hypothesis,
a. one of...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - 1. In mice, the copy of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 5.3 - 2. A female mouse that is is crossed to a male...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 5.4 - 1. Extranuclear inheritance occurs due to
a....
Ch. 5.4 - 2. A cross is made between a green four-o’clock...Ch. 5.4 - 3. Some human diseases are caused by mutations in...Ch. 5.4 - 4. Chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from an...Ch. 5 - Define the term epigenetic inheritance, and...Ch. 5 - 2. Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal...Ch. 5 - A maternal effect gene exists in a dominant N...Ch. 5 - 4. A Drosophila embryo dies during early...Ch. 5 - 5. For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype...Ch. 5 - Suppose a maternal effect gene exists as a...Ch. 5 - Suppose that a gene affects the anterior...Ch. 5 - Explain why maternal effect genes exert their...Ch. 5 - As described in Chapter 22, researchers have been...Ch. 5 - 10. With regard to the numbers of sex chromosomes,...Ch. 5 - 11. What is a Barr body? How is its structure...Ch. 5 - Among different species, describe three distinct...Ch. 5 - 13. Describe when X-chromosome inactivation occurs...Ch. 5 - 14. Describe the molecular process of X-chromosome...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 5 - 16. How many Barr bodies would you expect to find...Ch. 5 - 17. Certain forms of human color blindness are...Ch. 5 - A black female cat (XBXB) and an orange male cat...Ch. 5 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 5 - When does the erasure and reestablishment phase of...Ch. 5 - In what types of cells would you expect de novo...Ch. 5 - 22. On rare occasions, people are born with a...Ch. 5 - Genes that cause Prader-Willi syndrome and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 5 - What is extranuclear inheritance? Describe three...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 5 - Among different species, does extranuclear...Ch. 5 - Extranuclear inheritance often correlates with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 5 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 5 - Which of the following traits or diseases is (are)...Ch. 5 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 5 - 33. Describe how a biparental pattern of...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.1 describes an example of a maternal...Ch. 5 - 2. Discuss the types of experimental observations...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 5 - As a hypothetical example, a trait in mice results...Ch. 5 - You have a female snail that coils to the right,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6EQCh. 5 - 7. Figure 5.6 describes the results of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8EQCh. 5 - In the experiment of Figure 5.6, why does a clone...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10EQCh. 5 - 11. A variegated trait in plants is analyzed using...Ch. 5 - 1. Recessive maternal effect genes are identified...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2QSDC
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- In certain salamanders, the sex of a genetic female can be altered, changing her into a functional male; these salamanders are called sex reversed males. When a sex-reversed male is mated with a normal female, approximately 23 of the offspring are female and 13 are male. How is sex determined in these salamanders? Explain the results of this crossarrow_forwardIn certain salamanders, the sex of a genetic female can be altered, changing her into a functional male; these salamanders are called sexreversed males. When a sex-reversed male is mated with a normal female, approximately 23 of the offspring are female and 13 are male. How is sex determined in these salamanders? Explain the results of this cross.arrow_forwardA black female cat (XBXB) and an orange male cat (X0Y) weremated to each other and produced a male cat that was calico.Which sex chromosomes did this male offspring inherit from itsmother and father? Remember that the presence of the Y chromosome determines maleness in mammalsarrow_forward
- Humans have two different sex chromosomes, X and Y. Figure 4 below shows the inheritance of sex in humans. Figure 4 Mother Father XX XX Y XY XY a) Copy the diagram into your answer booklet and draw a circle on the part of Figure 4 that shows an egg cell. b) What is the genotype of the male offspring? c) A man and a woman have two sons. The woman is pregnant with a third child. What is the chance that this child will also be a boy?arrow_forwardTable 8.1 shows that Turner syndrome occurs when an individual inherits one X chromosome but lacks a second sex chromosome. Can Turner syndrome be due to nondisjunction during oogenesis, spermatogenesis, or both? If a phenotypically normal couple has a color-blind child (due to a recessive X-linked allele) with Turner syndrome, did nondisjunction occur duringoogenesis or spermatogenesis in this child’s parents? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardHuman females have two X chromosomes (XX); males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). a. With respect to X chromosome alleles, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an allele on an X chromosome, how many types of gametes can she produce with respect to that allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X chromosome allele, how many types of gametes can she produce with respect to that allele?arrow_forward
- Sex determination in birds is different from that in humans. The sex chromosomes in birds are called Z and W, because males have two of the same chromosome (ZZ), whereas females have two different chromosomes (ZW). There is a Z-linked allele in some birds that causes the death of the embryo when the normal dominant allele is not present. What would be the sex ratio in the living offspring of a cross between a male heterozygous for the lethal allele and a normal female? A) What are the genotypes of the parents? Male____ Female____ B) Which gametes would each form? Male____ Female____ C) Draw your Punnett square below and determine the sex ratios of living offspring.arrow_forwardIn Drosophila, the X chromosomes may become attached to one another (XXn ) such that they always segregate together. Some flies thus contain a set of attached X chromosomes plus a Y chromosome. (a) What sex would such a fly be? Explain why this is so. (b) Given the answer to part (a), predict the sex of the off-spring that would occur in a cross between this fly and a normal one of the opposite sex. (c) If the offspring described in part (b) are allowed to interbreed, what will be the outcome?arrow_forwardIn grasshoppers, rosy body color is caused by a recessive mutation; the wild-type body color is green. If the gene for body color is on the X chromosome, what kind of progeny would be obtained from a mating between a homozygous rosy female and a hemizygous wild-type male? (In grasshoppers, females are XX and males are XOarrow_forward
- The chromosomes in the illustration below are found in a male betta fish and carry the gene for determining a trait in the tail of the betta fish. In betta fish, single tails are domi- nant to double tails. During meiosis, when gametes are formed, the male fish can only pass on one allele for the tail trait to each gamete. In a male fish that happens to be heterozy- gous, a gamete can only inherit the dominant allele on chromosome 1 or the dominant al- lele on chromosome 2. A An illustration of paired homologous chromosomes. B centromere с D Which of Mendel's laws best explains how the male fish can only pass on one allele to each gamete? paired homologous chromosomes Law of Independent Assortment Law of Segregation Law of Dominance chiasma Law of multiple alleles homologous chromosome 1 homologous chromosome 2arrow_forwardA certain type of congenital deafness in humans is caused by a rare autosomal (not X-linked) dominant gene. (a) In a mating involving a deaf man and a deaf woman (both heterozygous), would you expect all the children to be deaf? Explain your answer. (b) In a mating involving a deaf man and a deaf women (both heterozygous), could all the children have normal hearing? Explain your answer. (c) Another form of deafness is caused by a rare autosomal recessive gene. In a mating involving a deaf man and a deaf woman, could some of the children have normal hearing? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhich findings support the fact that the presence of the Y- chromosome rather than the lack of a second X-chromosome determines the development of maleness in mammals? A transgenic mouse with two X-chromosomes and the SRY gene from the Y-chromosome develops male sex organs. A human with an XXXY genotype (Klinefelter syndrome) is phenotypically male. A human with an XO genotype (Turner syndrome) is phenotypically female. a and b, but not c a, b, and carrow_forward
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