Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 29CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The structure and organization of mitochondrial and chloroplast genome. Also, identify the length, number of genes, and number of copies of the genome.
Introduction:
Mitochondria and chloroplast are organelles that show maternal inheritance, that is, the inherited traits passed by the mother to her offspring. The mitochondrial genome is a complete genetic complement of the mitochondrion, whereas chloroplast genome is a circular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
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Antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplastgenomes?CHALLENGE QUESTI
Chapter 5 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 5.1 - A female snail that coils to the left has...Ch. 5.1 - 2. What is the molecular explanation for maternal...Ch. 5.2 - 1. In fruit flies, dosage compensation is achieved...Ch. 5.2 - 2. According to the Lyon hypothesis,
a. one of...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - 1. In mice, the copy of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 5.3 - 2. A female mouse that is is crossed to a male...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 5.4 - 1. Extranuclear inheritance occurs due to
a....
Ch. 5.4 - 2. A cross is made between a green four-o’clock...Ch. 5.4 - 3. Some human diseases are caused by mutations in...Ch. 5.4 - 4. Chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from an...Ch. 5 - Define the term epigenetic inheritance, and...Ch. 5 - 2. Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal...Ch. 5 - A maternal effect gene exists in a dominant N...Ch. 5 - 4. A Drosophila embryo dies during early...Ch. 5 - 5. For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype...Ch. 5 - Suppose a maternal effect gene exists as a...Ch. 5 - Suppose that a gene affects the anterior...Ch. 5 - Explain why maternal effect genes exert their...Ch. 5 - As described in Chapter 22, researchers have been...Ch. 5 - 10. With regard to the numbers of sex chromosomes,...Ch. 5 - 11. What is a Barr body? How is its structure...Ch. 5 - Among different species, describe three distinct...Ch. 5 - 13. Describe when X-chromosome inactivation occurs...Ch. 5 - 14. Describe the molecular process of X-chromosome...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 5 - 16. How many Barr bodies would you expect to find...Ch. 5 - 17. Certain forms of human color blindness are...Ch. 5 - A black female cat (XBXB) and an orange male cat...Ch. 5 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 5 - When does the erasure and reestablishment phase of...Ch. 5 - In what types of cells would you expect de novo...Ch. 5 - 22. On rare occasions, people are born with a...Ch. 5 - Genes that cause Prader-Willi syndrome and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 5 - What is extranuclear inheritance? Describe three...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 5 - Among different species, does extranuclear...Ch. 5 - Extranuclear inheritance often correlates with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 5 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 5 - Which of the following traits or diseases is (are)...Ch. 5 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 5 - 33. Describe how a biparental pattern of...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.1 describes an example of a maternal...Ch. 5 - 2. Discuss the types of experimental observations...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 5 - As a hypothetical example, a trait in mice results...Ch. 5 - You have a female snail that coils to the right,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6EQCh. 5 - 7. Figure 5.6 describes the results of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8EQCh. 5 - In the experiment of Figure 5.6, why does a clone...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10EQCh. 5 - 11. A variegated trait in plants is analyzed using...Ch. 5 - 1. Recessive maternal effect genes are identified...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2QSDC
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- What is mitochondrial genome? Provide detail answer.arrow_forwardA woman has a rare, heritable defect in the bioenergetic function of her mitochondria. So did her father. If her husband does not have the trait, what can you predict from this?a) that the mutation is in the mitochondrial genomeb) that only her sons will have the disorderc) that only her daughters will have the disorderd) that none of her children will have the disordere) that the mutation is in the nuclear genomearrow_forwardBriefly describe the organization of genes on the chloroplast genome.arrow_forward
- Why do mitochondria need genes that encode rRNAs andtRNAs?arrow_forwardWhat genes can be found in mitochondrial DNA?arrow_forwardYou decide to move a human mitochondrial gene to the nuclear genome, placing it under the control of a nuclear promoter that causes constitutive transcription. Predict how the protein resulting from transcription of this gene in the nucleus and its translation in the cytoplasm will differ from this gene transcribed and translated in the mitochondria? Group of answer choices No protein will be made The resulting proteins would be identical The translated protein is likely to be shorter when transcribed and translated in the mitochondriaarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. How are they similar, how are they different?arrow_forwardWhat are the steps in the life of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursorarrow_forwardHow do you know if the halibut you purchased at the supermarket is really halibut? To identify the source of a biological sample, scientists PCR amplify and then sequence a region of DNA known to vary between species. For animals, this DNA region is a 648-base pair portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. The sequence of this mtDNA region acts as a so-called DNA barcode because a database exists that contains the sequences of this mtDNA region that are unique for hundreds of thousands of animal species. A) Why do you think that a region of mitochondrial DNA is used for barcoding animals, as opposed to a region of nuclear genomic DNA?arrow_forward
- What are the short DNA sequences that are near a desired gene? What combines with other proteins to form an organelle responsible for protein synthesis?arrow_forwardWhat is a genome? Describe the following terms/structures as they pertain to a eukaryotic genome: diploid, haploid, gamete, homologous chromosomes, locus, and genesarrow_forwardHow many genes are in human mitochondrial DNA?arrow_forward
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