Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 18TYK
If the binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor opens Cl− channels, what would be the effect on the postsynaptic cell? (Cl− is in higher concentration outside the cell.)
- a. It would hyperpolarize, producing an IPSP.
- b. It would depolarize and form an EPSP but probably not generate an action potential.
- c. It would initiate a signal transduction pathway as part of modulated signaling.
- d. Its membrane potential would not change because neither sodium nor potassium channels opened.
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Postsynaptic potentials are graded potentials that develop in the postsynaptic membrane. Which one of the following statements accurately describes what causes EPSP's to occur at the postsynaptic membrane?
Group of answer choices
A.an EPSP results from the opening of voltage gated sodium channels
B.an EPSP results from the opening of chemically gated sodium channels
C.an EPSP results from the opening of voltage gated potassium channels
D.an EPSP results from the opening of chemically gated potassium channels
GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Drugs that increase the level of GABA are used to treat diseases such as epilepsy where the signal transmission needs to be impaired.
The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to:
Select one:
a. decrease the threshold level
b. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane
c. depolarize the postsynaptic membrane
d. maintain the resting potential
Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron?
A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells).
B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron).
C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier.
D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells)
E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 48 - Prob. 1IQCh. 48 - a. What is the principal cation inside the cell?...Ch. 48 - The following diagram shows the changes in...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4IQCh. 48 - Prob. 5IQCh. 48 - Prob. 6IQCh. 48 - Prob. 7IQCh. 48 - Develop a flowchart or diagram or write a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 48 - During a neurons resting state a. there are more...Ch. 48 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 48 - After the rapid depolarization of an action...Ch. 48 - Nodes of Ranvier are a. gaps where Schwann cells...Ch. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Signal transmission is faster in myelinated axons...Ch. 48 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 48 - If the binding of a neurotransmitter to its...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements regarding polarized membranes is incorrect? a. There is a separation of the charge by a membrane, resulting in its ability to do work. b. An RMP of –60 mV indicates that there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. c. A resting membrane potential (RMP) of –90 mV indicates the there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. d. There is a difference in the charges found on the inside of the membrane to the outside.arrow_forwardThe release of a neurotransmitter from a terminal button produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in the postsynaptic neuron. What is the most likely mechanism by which this occurs? A. the neurotransmitter opens chemically activated chloride channels B. the neurotransmitter activates a second messenger which then opens calcium channels C. the neurotransmitter is glutamate D. the neurotransmitter acts on a G-protein linked receptor which opens sodium channelsarrow_forwardAll of the following statements correctly describe a polarized membrane EXCEPT which? a. There is a separation of the charge by a membrane, resulting in its ability to do work. b. An RMP of –60 mV indicates that there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. c. A resting membrane potential (RMP) of –90 mV indicates the there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. d. There is a difference in the charges found on the inside of the membrane to the outside.arrow_forward
- For a signal to be sent down an axon of a nerve cell, an action potential must be generated. This is done by.. Select one: a. G-protein coupled receptors bind ligand, a phosphorylation cascade occurs, this causes a change in charge of the membrane due to the addition of phosphates allowing Na+ channels to open. b. Ligand-gated K+ channels open, allowing K+ to rush out of the cell and depolarize that part of the membrane. This change in charge opens neighboring voltage-gated channels. c. Ligand-gated Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to rush in. This then depolarizes that region of the membrane resulting in opening neighboring voltage-gated channels. d. Receptor tyrosine kinases have two Na+ molecules bind, this opens voltage-gated channels allowing the “signal” to pass down the axon.arrow_forwardGlutamate's effect when it binds with protein receptors on the post synaptic membrane is to: a. Initiate movement of potassium ions out of the membrane b. Initiate movement of sodium ions into the membrane c. Initiate movement of sodium ions out of the membrane d. Initiate movement of potassium ions into the membrane GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Drugs that increase the level of GABA are used to treat diseases such as epilepsy where the signal transmission needs to be impaired. The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to: a. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane b. decrease the threshold level c. depolarize the postsynaptic membrane d. maintain the resting potential Calcium is vital for bone growth, but it's also an important part of neural transmission. Calcium is required for the axon terminal to: a. Reuptake the neurotransmitter via exocytosis b. The neurotransmitter to be released by endocytosis c. The neurotransmitter…arrow_forwardIn signal transduction in the dark, the cGMP plays what role? a. It promotes an action potential in the bipolar cell b.It promotes a more hyperpolarized resting potential c. It activates transducin d. It opens non-selective cation channels e. It deactivates cGMP phosphodiesterasearrow_forward
- Relatively high velocity (speed) action potential propagation is a feature of axons that have which of the following: a. additional mitochondria b. reduced absolute refractory period c. fewer potassium channels d. a myelin sheath Which effect listed below would characterize the drug as a serotonin agonist? a. Stimulating monoamine oxidase to reduce available serotonin b. Binding and activating a postsynaptic serotonin receptor c. Increasing the efficiency of a serotonin transporterarrow_forwardWhat's the consequence of glutamate release when the postsynaptic membrane expresses NMDA but not AMPA receptors? a. NMDA receptors conduct sodium in the absence of a membrane depolarization b. NMDA receptors couple to G-proteins; activation opens up downstream sodium channels c. Calcium passively diffuses into the neuron triggering neurotransmitter release d. Magnesium blocks the pore of the NMDA channel prohibiting sodium influxarrow_forwardNeuron 1 fires an action potential, releasing neurotransmitters to neuron 2. However, neuron 2 does not fire an action potential itself. Use your understanding of neuronal signaling to identify and explain two possible reasons for this observation.arrow_forward
- Fill out the following table (the 2 columns on the left) LTP LTD Is the following directly associated with the induction of LTP, LTD, both or neither (check both if both apply, and leave blank if neither apply)? a. Increased activity of phosphatase I b. Increased levels of presynaptic Ca²+ c. Postsynaptic hyperpolarization d. Removal of AMPA receptors from the postsynaptic membrane e. Postsynaptic depolarization f. Increased levels of postsynaptic Ca²+ g. Insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane h. Presynaptic hyperpolarizationarrow_forwardA perturbation that alters the membrane potential at a site on a neuronal axon will pass to neighboring segments of the axon by... a. electronic spead b. active transport c. symport d. antiport e. facilitated diffusionarrow_forwardA channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to leave the cell. What type of graded potential is this? a. depolarizing b. repolarizing c. hyperpolarizing d. non-polarizingarrow_forward
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