Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Neurotransmitters are released during the nerve impulse conduction. They are chemical molecules that are released by the neurons in response to a stimulus, which excite the other neurons and bring about a nerve signal impulse transmission.
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Postsynaptic potential’s are graded potential’s that develop in the postsynaptic membrane. If the release of a neurotransmitter at a post synaptic membrane leads to hyper polarization, this event is referred to as A. EPSP B. ISIP C. Summation D. Facilitation
Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron?
A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells).
B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron).
C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier.
D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells)
E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.
Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane in response to glycine or GABA is produced by the opening of a. Na+channels. b.K+channels. c.Ca 2+ channels. d.Cl− channels.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 48 - Prob. 1IQCh. 48 - a. What is the principal cation inside the cell?...Ch. 48 - The following diagram shows the changes in...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4IQCh. 48 - Prob. 5IQCh. 48 - Prob. 6IQCh. 48 - Prob. 7IQCh. 48 - Develop a flowchart or diagram or write a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 48 - During a neurons resting state a. there are more...Ch. 48 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 48 - After the rapid depolarization of an action...Ch. 48 - Nodes of Ranvier are a. gaps where Schwann cells...Ch. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Signal transmission is faster in myelinated axons...Ch. 48 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 48 - If the binding of a neurotransmitter to its...
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- Postsynaptic potentials are graded potentials that develop in the postsynaptic membrane. Which one of the following statements accurately describes what causes EPSP's to occur at the postsynaptic membrane? Group of answer choices A.an EPSP results from the opening of voltage gated sodium channels B.an EPSP results from the opening of chemically gated sodium channels C.an EPSP results from the opening of voltage gated potassium channels D.an EPSP results from the opening of chemically gated potassium channelsarrow_forwardAt an electrical synapse, presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes interface through a. neurofibril nodes. b. gap junctions. c. telodendria. d. neurotransmitters.arrow_forwardA channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to leave the cell. What type of graded potential is this? a. depolarizing b. repolarizing c. hyperpolarizing d. non-polarizingarrow_forward
- Postsynaptic potential’s are graded potential’s that develop in the postsynaptic membrane. If the release of a neurotransmitter at a post synaptic membrane leads to hyper polarization, this event is referred to as A. EPSP B. ISIP C. Summation D. Facilitation An individual EPSP usually only produces a slight depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. If multiple stimuli arrive in rapid succession at a single synapse, this can lead to the generation of an action potential. This mode of generating action potentials is referred to as A. Spatial summation B. Facilitation c. Temporal summation D. Inhibition arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials? a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons. b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron. c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel. d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction e. Action potentials move slowly.arrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement if false, correct it to make a true statement. a. An excitatory postsynaptic potential is caused by K+ or Clchannels opening in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. b. Postsynaptic potentials may summate by spatial summation in which multiple neurons fire onto a single postsynaptic neuron. c. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential causes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron to approach threshold. d. Spatial summation can combine two EPSPs, two IPSPs, or an EPSP and an IPSParrow_forward
- A synapse includes: a. a very narrow synaptic cleft b. a presynaptic neuron with neurotransmitter receptor sites on its membrane c. a postsynaptic neuron that releases the neurotransmitter d. all of the above The upper abdominopelvic regions include the: a. right and left iliac and epigastric b. right and left lumbar and umbilical c. right and left hypochondriac and epigastric d. right and left hypochondriac and umbilical A decrease in insulin production: a. usually causes type I diabetes mellitus b. will stimulate the release of growth hormone c. is usually the cause of type II diabetes mellitus d. both a and c abovearrow_forwardIdentify the following as properties of electrical synapses (ES), chemical synapses (CS), or both (B). a. _____ The plasma membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are joined by gap junctions. b. _____ Transmission is unidirectional and delayed. c. _____ A presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron are involved. d. _____ The use of neurotransmitters packaged into synaptic vesicles is required. e. _____ Transmission is nearly instantaneous and bidirectionarrow_forwardRepolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by a. inward diffusion of Na+. b. active extrusion of K+. c. outward diffusion of K+. d. inward active transport of Na+.arrow_forward
- The two primary factors that influence the speed of an action potential propagation are axon diameter and a. myelination. b. the type of associated glial cell(s). c. concentration of K+ in the cell. d. the length of the axon.arrow_forwardPost synaptic neurons membrane potentials are less negative than resting membrane potentials when this occur A. Creates a new set point for the resting membrane potential B. Has a lower propensity to produce an action potential C. Reacts by generating action potential D. Higher chance of reaching the potential thresholdarrow_forwardGlutamate's effect when it binds with protein receptors on the post synaptic membrane is to: a. Initiate movement of potassium ions out of the membrane b. Initiate movement of sodium ions into the membrane c. Initiate movement of sodium ions out of the membrane d. Initiate movement of potassium ions into the membrane GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Drugs that increase the level of GABA are used to treat diseases such as epilepsy where the signal transmission needs to be impaired. The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to: a. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane b. decrease the threshold level c. depolarize the postsynaptic membrane d. maintain the resting potential Calcium is vital for bone growth, but it's also an important part of neural transmission. Calcium is required for the axon terminal to: a. Reuptake the neurotransmitter via exocytosis b. The neurotransmitter to be released by endocytosis c. The neurotransmitter…arrow_forward
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