Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The neurotransmitters are released during the nerve impulse conduction. They are chemical molecules that are released by the neurons in response to a stimulus, which excites the other neurons and brings about a nerve signal impulse transmission.
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The contractile response in skeletal muscle
A. produces more work when the muscle contracts isometrically than the muscle contracts isotonically.
B. does not last as long as the action potential.
C. produces more tension when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically.
D. starts after the action potential is over.
E. decreases in magnitude with repeated stimulation.
When a muscle fiber is stretched from 60% of its optimal length to Lo, what change or changes are happening on the cellular level (MULTIPLE SELECT)?
A. Increased calcium release from the SR
B. Increased firing of action potentials from the alpha motor neuron
C. Increased rate of myosin ATPase activity
D. Increased number of actin-myosin bridges
E. Increased stretch on titin, producing more passive force
The muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives. However the neurotransmitter from the previous stimulation is still present in the synapse. The activity of ________ helps to remove this neurotransmitter. a. myosin b. action potential c. tropomyosin d. acetylcholinesterase
Chapter 48 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 48 - Prob. 1IQCh. 48 - a. What is the principal cation inside the cell?...Ch. 48 - The following diagram shows the changes in...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4IQCh. 48 - Prob. 5IQCh. 48 - Prob. 6IQCh. 48 - Prob. 7IQCh. 48 - Develop a flowchart or diagram or write a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 48 - During a neurons resting state a. there are more...Ch. 48 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 48 - After the rapid depolarization of an action...Ch. 48 - Nodes of Ranvier are a. gaps where Schwann cells...Ch. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Signal transmission is faster in myelinated axons...Ch. 48 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 48 - If the binding of a neurotransmitter to its...
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- Which of the following statements best describes the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but rather, slide past each other. b. Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other. c. As they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, but myosin filaments do not shorten. d. As they slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten, but actin filaments do not shorten.arrow_forwardWhat role (function) does calcium have within a muscle fiber? a. trigger muscle potentials along t-tubules b. trigger contraction by causing the formation of cross bridges c. trigger exocytosis of ACh across the synaptic space d. trigger action potentials along axons e. open voltage gates within the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Which of the following are regulatory proteins that allow a muscle fiber to contract when calcium is present? (select all that apply) dystrophin troponin myosin tropomyosin actin 3. During this phase of an action potential, potassium ions exit the cell through voltage gated potassium channels. a. depolarization b. repolarization c. glycolysis d. cross bridge formationarrow_forwardWhen neurotransmitters contact a muscle cell's receptor proteins, those receptors change their shape and let ions go through the membrane. The receptors are an example of: A. voltage sensitive channels B. tension-sensitive channels C. ligand-activated channelsarrow_forward
- Which of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle B. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length C. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream D. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contractarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements relating to the factors affecting the force of muscle contraction is false? a. skeletal muscles contract strongest when the muscle fibers are 80-120% their resting length b. low frequency of stimulation generates decreased force c. larger muscle fibers can generate more tension to generate stronger contractions d. more motor units recruited causes stronger contractions e. none of the abovearrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Muscle fibers generate more tension if the starting length of their sarcomeres is very short. b. Stimulation by a motor neuron before a muscle fiber has fully relaxed results in a condition called wave summation. c. Muscles that require a great deal of precise control will have large motor units. d. A muscle fiber changes length during isotonic concentric and isotonic eccentric contractionsarrow_forward
- What do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle contractions?a. Both types of contractions do not require calcium ions for a contraction to occur.b. Both types of contractions generate little force or a weak force.c. Both types of contractions consume very little ATP.d. Both types of contractions result from thick and thin filaments sliding past one another.arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes a similarity between cardiac and smooth muscle cells?a. An action potential always precedes contraction.b. The majority of the Ca21 that activates contraction comes from theextracellular fluid.c. Action potentials are generated by slow waves.d. An extensive system of T-tubules is present.e. Ca21 release and contraction strengths are gradedarrow_forwardThe fast fatigable motor units are used predominantly for which of the following activities? a. The action potentials fired by alpha motor neurons become slower. b. Slow twitch muscle fibers show increased myosin ATPase. c. Fast fatigable motor units are recruited before slow twitch motor units. d. None of the answers. e.All of the answers.arrow_forward
- Put the following skeletal muscle contraction events in the order that they occur: a. The myosin head swivels toward the center of the sarcomere. b. Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to troponin. c. An action potential is propagated along the sarcolemma and transverse tubules. d. Myosin binds to actin, forming crossbridges. e. Myosin heads bind ATP molecules and release from actin. f. Tropomyosin molecules are moved off active sites on actin. g. ATPase splits ATP, providing the energy to reset the myosin head.arrow_forwardA bacterial toxin is known to block the release of ACh at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle. Consequently, a. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing force. b. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing frequency. c. the ability to stimulate the muscle is impaired. d. other neurotransmitters would stimulate the muscle.arrow_forwardif, in a laboratory, a skeletal muscle cell receives a single stimulus to contract, it produces a single muscle twitch. If we quickly fire another stimulus for the muscle to contract, prior to the muscle fully relaxing, then we have a condition of: A. seizure B. none of the above C. complete tetanus D. temporal summation E. relaxation The _________________ phase of the Sliding Filament Model of Contraction occurs when myosin and actin separate from one another. A. cocking of the myosin head B. cross bridge detachment C. cross bridge formation D. action potential E. calcium release During contraction, the bulk of calcium comes from the?arrow_forward
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