Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 7TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Neurons refer to a specialized cell designed to transmit information to nerves, muscles, or gland cells. It sends electrical signals throughout the body and communicates between cells through short-distance chemical signals.
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Which of the following statements about the intensity of a nerve response is true?
Select one:
a. A stimulus reaching the threshold level may or may not propagate a nerve impulse.
b. A small voltage shift and a large voltage shift will yield the same nerve impulse as long as the stimulus reaches the threshold level.
c. All stimuli, regardless of the strength, will always generate a nerve impulse.
d. A stimulus resulting in a greater voltage shift will result in a stronger nerve impulse and increased sense of perception in the brain.
Which of the following statements about the intensity of a nerve response is true?
a. A stimulus reaching the threshold level may or may not propagate a nerve impulse.
b. A stimulus resulting in a greater voltage shift will result in a stronger nerve impulse and increased sense of perception in the brain.
c. All stimuli, regardless of the strength, will always generate a nerve impulse.
d. A small voltage shift and a large voltage shift will yield the same nerve impulse as long as the stimulus reaches the threshold level.
Both potassium and sodium channels located along the nerve membrane are voltage-gated. This means that they respond to the changes in the voltage by opening and closing the gates to allow the ions to flow in or out of the membrane.
When the threshold level is reached and depolarization occurs, how come only the sodium ions begin to rush in?
a. The threshold levels for both sodium and potassium channels are equal, but sodium channels are slower to open.
b. The threshold levels for both sodium and potassium channels are equal, but potassium channels take longer to open.
c. The threshold level for the potassium channels is lower than the sodium channels.
d. The threshold level for the potassium channels is higher than the sodium channels.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 48 - Prob. 1IQCh. 48 - a. What is the principal cation inside the cell?...Ch. 48 - The following diagram shows the changes in...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4IQCh. 48 - Prob. 5IQCh. 48 - Prob. 6IQCh. 48 - Prob. 7IQCh. 48 - Develop a flowchart or diagram or write a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 48 - During a neurons resting state a. there are more...Ch. 48 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 48 - After the rapid depolarization of an action...Ch. 48 - Nodes of Ranvier are a. gaps where Schwann cells...Ch. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Signal transmission is faster in myelinated axons...Ch. 48 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 48 - If the binding of a neurotransmitter to its...
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- What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?a. They both are more common in young men than in young women.b. They both impair the initiation of action potentials.c. They both damage the myelin sheath, disrupting action potential transmission.d. They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous systemarrow_forwardHow do sensory neurons differ from motor neurons? I. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the receptor to the brain while motor neurons carry impulses from the brain to the effector. II. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the brain to the effector while motor neurons carry impulses from the receptor to the brain. II. Sensory neurons carry impulses triggered by stimulus from the organ to the brain while motor neurons carry processed information from the brain to the organ to response. IV. Sensory neurons carry processed information from the brain to the organ to response while motor neurons carry impulses triggered by stimulus from the organ to the brain. * O I and III only O Il and IV only O I and IV only O Il and III onlyarrow_forwardWhat factors increase the speed of nerve impulses in the nervous system? Select ONE: a. The length and thickness of axons b. The presence of myelin sheaths and thickness of axons c. The presence of white and grey matters d. The presence of myelin sheaths and length of axonsarrow_forward
- A stimulus causes a change in permeability of neural membranes, which begins the process of transmitting an impulse. If the stimulus reaches the threshold potential of a neuron, an action potential is generated. Select the numbers of the statements below that occur once the threshold potential is reached. 1. Sodium ions flow into the neuron. 2. Sodium ions flow out of the neuron. 3. The membrane potential becomes positive. 4. The membrane potential becomes negative. 5. Voltage-gated potassium channels open. 6. Voltage-gated potassium channels close. 7. Potassium ions flow into the neuron. 8. Potassium ions flow out of the neuron. Place the numbers in order from the first event to the last event: andarrow_forwardIn complete darkness, why are there no neural signals being sent to the brain by the retinal ganglion cells? A. glutamate release from rods stimulates the retinal ganglion cells B. glutamate release from rods stimulates bipolar cells which then inhibit retinal ganglion cells C. glutamate release from rods is reduced which then fails to excite retinal ganglion cells D. glutamate release from rods inhibits the bipolar cells which then inhibit retinal ganglion cellsarrow_forwardSuppose you suffer a cut through the spinal cord on the left side only. For the part of the body below that cut, you will lose pain sensation on the right side of the body and touch sensation on the left side. Why?A. The left side of the body is more sensitive to pain than the right side is.B. The right side of the body is more sensitive to pain than the left side is.C. Pain axons cross the spinal cord at once, but touch fibers do not.D. Pain axons regrow after injury, but touch axons do notarrow_forward
- When a single photon from a source of light hits the retina in the eye, it triggers a signal that travels along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe of the brain. The interaction of a photon with the photoreceptors in the retina first causes the movement of sodium ions into a sensory neuron. What happens after the movement of sodium ions? a. Sodium ions move out of a sensory neuron. b. Potassium ions move out of a sensory neuron. c. Sodium ions move into an interneuron. d. Potassium ions move into an interneuron.arrow_forwardAs the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an axon is increased, a. the amplitude of action potentials increases. b. the duration of action potentials increases. c. the speed with which action potentials are conducted increases. d. the frequency with which action potentials are produced increases.arrow_forwardWhich of the following changes to an action potential indicates a larger stimulus? a. Increased frequency b. Increased wavelength c. Increased amplitude d. Increased speedarrow_forward
- What evidence led Sherrington to conclude that transmission at a synapse is different from transmission along an axon? a. Chemicals that alter a synapse are different from those that affect action potentials. b. The velocity of a reflex is slower than the velocity of an action potential. c. Stains and microscopic observations demonstrate a gap at the synapse. d. Reflexes can go in either direction, whereas axons transmit in only one direction.arrow_forwardWhat is myelin? A. Projection on a neuron cell body that is sensitive to stimuli B. Another name for the cell body of a neuron C. A membrane wrapping on an axon that increases the speed of action potential propogation D. A long, slender process of a neuron that is capable of conducting nerve impulsesarrow_forwardA neuron may receive signals from thousands of synaptic terminals. What determines whether the receiving neuron will respond by transmitting a signal? a. the concentration of transmitter inside the receiving neuron b. the summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals received c. the number of glial cells contact the receiving neuronarrow_forward
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