Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 41, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The food processing in animals occurs in four stages, namely, ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. Ingestion is the act of eating food. Digestion is the process of mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules for absorption. In the absorption process, the small molecules of simple sugars and amino acids are absorbed by the cells. Elimination involves the passing out of undigested material from the
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Certain amino acids are essential to the diet of animals because they
a.
are the most important source of stored energy.
b.
are needed to make stored fats used during hibernation and migration.
c.
cannot be synthesized directly by the body.
d.
prevent over-nourishment.
Which of the following best describe the function of goblet cells in the digestive tract?
A.
produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
B.
secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
C.
provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food
D.
absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use
Absorption of fats relies on ______________ and synthetic activity within small intestinal epithelial cells by ___________.
a. diffusion ; chylomicrons
b. facilitated diffusion ; smooth ER
c. secondary active transport ; smooth ER
d. diffusion ; smooth ER
e. Facilitated diffusion ; chylomicrons
Chapter 41 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 41 - How can vegetarians obtain all the essential amino...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2IQCh. 41 - Prob. 3IQCh. 41 - Prob. 4IQCh. 41 - Prob. 5IQCh. 41 - For each of the following molecules, describe...Ch. 41 - Prob. 7IQCh. 41 - Prob. 8IQCh. 41 - Label the indicated structures in the following...Ch. 41 - Prob. 1TYKM
Ch. 41 - Prob. 2TYKMCh. 41 - Prob. 3TYKMCh. 41 - Prob. 4TYKMCh. 41 - Prob. 5TYKMCh. 41 - Prob. 6TYKMCh. 41 - Prob. 7TYKMCh. 41 - Prob. 8TYKMCh. 41 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 41 - Substrate feeders such as earthworms a. eat mostly...Ch. 41 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 41 - Why does salivary amylase not hydrolyze starch in...Ch. 41 - What is the advantage of mechanical digestion of...Ch. 41 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 41 - Prob. 18TYK
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- Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion is incorrect? A. The intestinal enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin continue the chemical breakdown of polypeptides into oligopeptides. B. Chemical digestion of proteins is initiated in the stomach through the action of the enzyme pepsin. C. Mechanical digestion of proteins starts in the mouth through chewing. D. Di- and tripeptides enter the intestinal cells where they are broken down by peptidases into individual amino acids.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is True?a. The human stomach maintains a very high pH.b. Gastric glands in the stomach wall secrete pepsinogen. c. Bile is released into the stomach from the liver.d. Many different nutrients are absorbed through the stomach.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion? A. Cellulose and lignin found in plants are totally indigestible even with intestinal bacteria. B. The acidity of the stomach prevents chemical digestion of carbohydrates. C. Dextrin and maltose are the products of chemical digestion of starch by pancreatic amylase. D. Disaccharidases produced from the pancreas breaks down oligosaccharides in the intestines.arrow_forward
- The purpose of Microvilli in the human digestive tract is to: a. kill detrimental bacteria in the esophagus b. emulsify fats c. secrete pepsinogen in the stomach d. absorb nutrients from the small intestine into the bloodstream e. secrete trypsinogen and chymotrypsin into the duodenumarrow_forwardThe autocatalysis of pepsinogen by pepsin is an example of a. negative feedback. b. positive feedback. c. active transport. d. secondary active transport.arrow_forwardDiffusion and active transport are likely to be important in Select one: a. mastication of food. b. propulsion of food through the digestive tract. c. elimination of undigested food. d. mixing of food. e. absorption of food.arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes the function of lipoprotein lipase? Select one: a. It catalyzes the synthesis of lipoproteins b. It helps recycle unused cholesterol by converting to bile salts c. It helps to transport VLDL's in the blood d. It cleaves fatty acids from chylomicrons e. It helps to increase concentration of "good cholesterol"arrow_forwardExplain why protein should be included in the diet. What will happen to the human body if we are deficient in particular vitamins and trace elements? Give examples of effects of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. There are 20 amino acids needed to make proteins in the animal body. Why aren't they all considered essential to animal diets? Compare the incomplete and complete digestive systems. What are the functions of accessory organs in a complete digestive system? Explain how digestion is regulated in animals. What are the organ systems involved in regulation of digestion? Explain. What are the health problems associated with nutrition and digestive system? Give atleast 3 examples with explanationarrow_forwardHow are nutrients absorbed?a. Monosaccharides are absorbed into the epithelial cells of villi through facilitated diffusion.b. Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed by diffusion into the villi and are then exocytosed to lacteals.c. Amino acids are absorbed into capillaries in the villi.d. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fatty acids and glycerol.e. Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed through simple diffusion except for vitamin B 12 , which must beendocytosedarrow_forward
- Which of the following types of animals has the highest efficiency in being able to absorb saturated fatty acids across the intestinal epithelia? Select one: a. Chicken b. Ox c. Chimpanzee d. Iguana e. Dogarrow_forwardA. What is/are the primary role(s) of the large intestine? a. to complete enzymatic digestion and store indigestible material b. to initiate enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates and to store water c. to absorb water from digested material, with essentially no digestive role of its own d. to secrete water into the material that is left over after all available nutrients have been absorbed e. to digest fats A. In the intestine most nutrients are absorbed regardless of whether the body has an immediate need or shortfall of them; ie there is little control over amounts taken up – which of the following does not follow this rule? a. absorption of sodium b. absorption of water c.absorption of iron d. absorption of fat soluble vitamins e. none of the above follow this rule – close control is exerted over all of themarrow_forwardThe process of enzymatically breaking down large molecules intosmaller molecules that can be used by cells isa. absorption. .b. secretion. c. ingestion d. digestion. e. egestion.arrow_forward
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