Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The cause of the most common type of malnutrition among humans.
Introduction: Failure to obtain adequate nutrition is called as malnutrition. During malnutrition, the body utilizes the stored carbohydrates and fats to get the chemical energy, and it also starts to break down its own fuels. The brain would become protein deficient, and the muscles get shrunk.
b.
To explain: The two minerals that vertebrates need in relatively large amounts and reasons for it.
Introduction: The body requires a definite amount of nutrients for proper growth and development. Nutrition includes intake of food, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion. An unhealthy diet will cause deficiency-related diseases.
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Study Guide for Campbell Biology
- State and recognize the three basic nutritional needs an organism’s diet must satisfy. List the basic stages of nutrition. Predict how perturbations in the hormones leptin and ghrelin influence appetite. Use the concept of pressure to describe the movement of water and nutrients in plant xylem and phloem and blood in vertebrates. Trace the flow of a drop of blood through the four chambers of the heart, the great vessels, lungs, and the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) in the systemic circulation in healthy people and people with various malformations of the heart or great vessels. Distinguish between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Predict how perturbations in body posture or baroreceptors would affect homeostatic control of blood pressure.arrow_forwardExplain with examples how the nutritional state of an individual affect the; 1. Muscular system 2. Skeletal system 3. Respiratory systemarrow_forwardWhat are the 3 macronutrients and how do each provide energy to the body? Define the fed, post-absorptive, fasting, and starved states. Outline changes in the utilization of glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and ketone bodies as the body transitions from the fed state to the prolonged starvation state. Describe the impacts of insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol on CHO, lipid, and protein metabolism. Describe the major pathways that occur in the liver, muscle, adipose tissue. Describe which hormones exercise tends to increase and potential impacts on pathways we’ve discussed. Describe the cori cycle and the glucose-alanine cycle. Describe differences in primary fuel sources by exercise intensity. Describe classical vs moderate CHO loading in preparation for competition in trained athletes. Simple to the point answers please!arrow_forward
- There are several nations where malnourishment is a common occurence. What may be some of the health challenges posed by malnutrition?arrow_forwardWhich of the following diets would be best to help reduce the chance of hip dysplasia and osteochondrosis in young Great Danes? Select one: a. Provide foods with limited amounts of essential fatty acids and proteins to limit growth b. Feed on high in cellulose diet which takes longer for intestinal flora to ferment c. Provide free access to diet with highly digestible protein, fatty acids, and carbohydrates to stimulate maximal growth d. Feed diet containing proteins, fatty, acids, and vitamins in controlled amounts daily to maintain moderate growth ratearrow_forward(a) Choose one water-soluble and one fat-soluble vitamin. Draw their structures. Give a reference daily intake for each, in milligrams or micrograms. Give at least one metabolic role for each. List the condition caused by a deficiency of each, or describe the effects of a deficiency of each. Give a good dietary source of each. (b) Choose onearrow_forward
- Explain the functions, food sources of Calcium (Ca2+) ?arrow_forwardWhich statements about absorption of vitamins or minerals are true? Select all that apply. Micronutrients may be in competition for absorption with each other. Vitamins and minerals are efficiently absorbed by the body between 85% and 99% of what is consumed. To be useful for cellular function, vitamins must remain in their original chemical structure. Calcium found in plant sources is more readily absorbed than from animal sources. Absorption of some vitamins and minerals can be influenced by what sort of foods are consumed within the same meal. Submit Request Answerarrow_forwardMetastatic calcification occurs in normal tissues as the result of increased serum calcium levels (hypercalcemia). Anything that increases the serum calcium level can lead to calcification in inappropriate places such as the lung, renal tubules, and blood vessels. What are the major causes of hypercalcemia?a. Diabetes mellitus and Paget diseaseb. Hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxicationc. Hyperparathyroidism and immobilizationd. Immobilization and hypoparathyroidismarrow_forward
- describe the system for nutrient uptake in each as well as name the phylum associated with each type, and relate the changes to the efficiency of the organism to uptake nutrients from it's environment (Annelids, Mollusks, and Arthropods) Match to the following Simple Choanocytes: Blind Gut (Gastrovascular Cavity): Complete Digestive System:arrow_forwardExplain in detial how dietary fat is absorbed from the gut, and how the energy from body fat stores is released during periods of starvation. With examples.arrow_forward. Name two hormones that regulate short-term hunger andsatiety. How does leptin differ from these in its effects?arrow_forward
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