a.
To determine: The expectations for 120 red, 100 white.
Introduction: In probability theory and statistics, the chi-square distribution with k degrees of freedom is the distribution of a sum of the squares of k independent standard normal random variables.
b.
To determine: The expectations for 5000 red, 5400 white.
Introduction: The use of a chi-square table that we will examine is to determine a critical value. Critical values are essential in both hypothesis tests and confidence intervals.
c.
To determine: The expectations for 500 red, 540 white
Introduction: The Chi-square value is a single number that adds up all the differences between our actual data and the data expected if there is no difference. If the real data and expected data are identical, the Chi-square value is 0.
d.
To determine: The expectations for 50 red, 54 white.
Introduction: The Chi-square test is intended to test how likely it is that an observed distribution is due to chance. It is also called a "goodness of fit" statistic because it measures how well the observed distribution of data fits with the distribution that is expected if the variables are independent.
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Introduction to Genetic Analysis
- An a cross between two true-breeding plants, Parent #1 with yellow, round peas and Parent #2 with green, wrinkled peas, 1. a. What is the genotype of each plant in the cross. What proportion of the F1 progeny will have the same phenotype as Parent #2. After you self the F1s, what proportion of the progeny will have the same phenotype as Parent #1. C. What proportion of the progeny will have the same genotype as Parent # 1. d. b.arrow_forwardCross betweenAa and Aa individual fruitflies where A is normal and dominant over a which is mutant. This is simple mendelian trait A.name the phenotypes of the parents and write their genotypes B.determine the probabilities of the phenotype and genotype of Fi C.what are phenotypic ratios and genotypic ratios of F1arrow_forwardPhenotypic ratio Type A : Type O = 2:2 or 1:1 Let's Try This! I1. Solve for the genetic problems below. One point each for: a. genotype of the parents b. Punnett square C. genotypic ratio d. phenotypic ratio e. type of Mendelian or non-Mendelian principlearrow_forward
- The LM and LN alleles at the MN blood-group locus exhibit codominance. Give the expected genotypes and phenotypes and their ratios in progeny resulting from the following crosses. a. LM LM × LM LN b. LN LN × LN LN c. LM LN × LM LN d. LM LN × LN LN e. LM LM × LN LNarrow_forwardDihybrid Cross Practice In a breed of dog called a Doberman, black fur is dominant to brown fur and floppy ears are dominant to straight ears. These letters represent the genotypes and phenotypes of the dogs: EE = floppy ears Ee = floppy ears bb = brown fur ee = pointed ears BB = black fur %3D Bb = black fur 1. A female dog with the genotype BBee is crossed with a male dog with the genotype bbEe The square is set up below. Fill it out and determine the phenotypes and proportions in the offspring. Ве Ве Ве Ве bE How many out of 16 have: black fur and floppy ears? be black fur and pointed ears? brown fur and floppy ears? bE brown fur and pointed ears? bearrow_forwardа. a chart that shows the combinations (results) for a cross 8. Genetics b. a picture (diagram) that shows genetics pass from generation (pass from 9. Alleles parents to kids to 10. Punnett grandkids) Square genotype of 2 DIFFERENT alleles (Bb, Dd, Aa...) с. 11. Phenotype d. the information on the alleles / Genes (ex. TT, Tt, tt) 12. Genotype e. a person's Physical appearance; their characteristics (ex. Brown eyes) 13. Homozygous f. a type of gene - we get one from our mom and one from our dad. 14. Heterozygous g. genotype of two of the SAME alleles (AA, aa, BB, bb...) 15. Pedigree h. the study of heredity and the variations of characteristics (how people look differently)arrow_forward
- a. 1 dominant allele will contribute 120/10 = 12 cm to the base height of the plant.b. The height of the parent plant 1 Genotype of the parent plant 1 – D1D1D2D2D3D3d4d4d5d5 The height of the parent plant 2 Genotype of the parent plant 2 – d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5Contributing alleles – D4D4D5D5. The height of the plant without any contributing alleles would be 80 cm. The plant with genotype d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5 has 4 contributing allele each of which contributes 12 cm to the base. Hence, the height of the plant with genotype d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5 would be 80 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 128 cm. c. Parents – D1D1D2D2D3D3d4d4d5d5 × d1d1d2d2d3d3D4D4D5D5 Gametes – D1D2D3d4d5 × d1d2d3D4D5 F1 generation – D1d1D2d2D3d3D4d4D5d5 The height of the plants of F1 generation = 80 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 140 cm Hence, Genotype of the F1 = D1d1D2d2D3d3D4d4D5d5 Phenotype of…arrow_forwarda. State a hypothesis explaining the inheritance of flower color in painted tongues. b. Assign genotypes to the parents, F₁ progeny, and F2 progeny for all five crosses. c. In a cross between true-breeding yellow and true-breeding lavender plants, all of the F1 progeny are bronze. If you used F₁ plants to produce and F2 generation, what phenotypes in what ratios would you expect? Are there any genotypes that might produce a phenotype that you cannot predict from earlier experiments, and if so, how might this alter the phenotypic ratios among the F2 progeny?arrow_forwardWhat does a Punnett square tell you? a.The inheritance pattern for a pair of alleles b.The phenotype probabilities of offspring for a given cross c.The number of offspring who will have a particular genotype for a given cross d.The genotype probabilities of offspring for a given cross 2.What would be the most likely karyotype for somebody described as “hemizygous positive for a Y-linked trait”? a.Y+ Y+ b.X Y+ c.X+ Y+ d.X+ Y- 3.X-linked ichthyosis is an X-linked recessive trait that manifests in part as dry, scaly skin (“ichthy-” = fish or fish like). Suppose a couple are considering having a child together. Parent A is heterozygous for the ichthyosis allele while Parent B is hemizygous negative for the ichthyosis allele. What is the probability their child would be unafflicted with ichthyosis but be a carrier of the ichthyosis-causing allele? a.0% b.25% c.50% d.75% e.100% 4.If somebody has the phenotype of…arrow_forward
- eritance / 13 of 15 Black hair color is dominant to white hair color in mice. Interpret the Punnett squrare below to determine the expected phenotypic ratio for the offpring of a homozygous black mouse and a white mouse. В Bb Bb Bb Bb O A. 4 Black: 0 White O B. 3 Black: 1 White O C 2 Black: 2 White O D. O Black: 4 White acerarrow_forwardTwo summer white squashes with genotype WwYy were crossed (W= white color, Y=yellow color, w and y= green color) W is epistatic to Y and y. What would be the different colors of summer squashes obtained out of the above cross? (2 pts.) A. 12 white: 3 yellow:1 green B. 12 yellow: 3 white: 1 green C. 12 green: 1 white: 3 yellow D. 12 yellow: 3 green: 1 whitearrow_forwardPractice: 1.) Heterozygous A crosses with Heterozygous A. Calculate the probability of each phenotype being passed down to the offspring. TOTALS: (percent and ratio) A: B: AB: O: 2.) Type O breeds with Type AB TOTALS: (percent and ratio) A: B: AB: O: 3.) Woman has type B (exact genotype unknown). Man has type O. What are the possible blood types of their kids? Is this type possible: A: yes/ no? B: yes/ no? AB: yes/ no? O: yes/ no? 3B.) If the woman has a baby with type AB blood, could the man above be the father? Explain you answer.arrow_forward
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