Concept explainers
Which of these statements about tRNA is true?
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Human Physiology
- The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes are responsible for: O A. matching each tRNA with the appropriate mRNA codon. O B. catalyzing the enzymatic step of peptide bond formation during translation. O C. synthesizing tRNA molecules in the nucleus from tRNA genes. O D. adding amino acids to appropriate tRNAS (charging the tRNA). O E. regulating the process of amino acid synthesis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are elongation factors involved in the release of free tRNAs? a.EF-G b.EF-Ts c.EF-Tu d.EF-Parrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are required in the amino acid activation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase? A. tRNA B. Mg2+ C. GTP D. mRNA E. amino acid F. ATP G. rRNAarrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about tRNA? Select one: A. All tRNAs have a CCA sequence at the 3'-end. B. All tRNAs have a CCG sequence at the 5'-end. C. All tRNAs have a CAC sequence at the 3'-end. D. All tRNAs have a CCA sequence at the 5'-end. E. All tRNAs have a CCG sequence at the 3'-end.arrow_forwardThe anticodon of a tRNA is 5’ AAU 3' a. What codon does the tRNA recognize? b. What amino acid does it carry? c. Suppose a mutation occurs in the gene encoding for the tRNA that converts the anticodon to 5' ACU 3'. Would this have a negative effect, positive effect or neutral effect on a cell? Explain and include "phenotype" in your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are accurate descriptions of the genetic code? MARK ALL THAT APPLY Select one or more: a. The genetic code is made up of triplet nucleotides that specify an amino acid. b. The genetic code is unambiguous because codons only specific a single amino acid. C. The genetic code is read in an overlapping manner. d. The genetic code is redundant because a single codon can specify more than one amino acid. e. Some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. f. All codons of the genetic code specify amino acids.arrow_forward
- According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble. B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA. C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the characteristics and function of siRNA? A. a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA B. a short strand of RNA that can act as a transcription factor to initiate transcription C. a strand of DNA that can bind to and inactivate an mRNA sequence D. a tRNA that is not able to attach to a ribosome and therefore inhibits the process of translationarrow_forwardConsider the genes that specify the structure of hemoglobin. Arrange the following events in the most likely sequence in which they would take place.a. Anemia is observed.b. The shape of the oxygen-binding site is altered.c. An incorrect codon is transcribed into hemoglobinmRNA.d. The ovum (female gamete) receives a high radiationdose.e. An incorrect codon is generated in the DNA of ahemoglobin gene.f. A mother (an X-ray technician) accidentally stepsin front of an operating X-ray generator.g. A child dies.h. The oxygen-transport capacity of the body is severelyimpaired.i. The tRNA anticodon that lines up is one of a typethat brings an unsuitable amino acid.j. Nucleotide-pair substitution occurs in the DNA of agene for hemoglobinarrow_forward
- The addition of the poly-A tail adds more than 200 units of adenine to the strand of mRNA, yet no protein has a continuous line of more than 200 phenylalanines in its structure. Why is this so? A. RNA splicing occurs and removes the noncoding sequences. B. The poly-A tail and 5' GTP cap do not translate into proteins. C. The adenines are reabsorbed by the cell and help to form other forms of RNA. D. The tRNA does not recognize the poly-A tail.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE in translation? A. Amino acyl TRNA containing one amino acid is attached to the P site B. Amino acids/peptides attached to the amino acyl tRNA at the P site are transferred to amino acids at the A site, followed by translocation. C. Empty TRNAS are immediately released from the ribosomes D. The E site is always empty after translocation to receive incoming empty TRNAS. E. The anticodon binding to the codon is stringent, i.e. there must be complete complementary base-pairing between the bases in the codon and anticodon before translation can proceed.arrow_forwardThis molecule is most likely implicated in the renaturation of proteins. Select one: a. chaperone (HSP) b. kinase c. RISC d. proteasome e. transcriptional factorarrow_forward
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