Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 3, Problem 33RA
Explain how it is possible for the human proteome to consist of over
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The complete set of RNA transcripts present in a cell under various conditions is called the:
a) genome
b) proteome
c) transcriptome
d) none of the above
You have isolated a transposable element from the human genome and have determined its DNA sequence. How would you use this sequence to determine the copy number of the element in the human genome if you just had a computer with an Internet connection? (Hint: see Chapter 14.)
Which of the following, if any, cannot be genetically encoded in DNA?
a)mRNA
b)tRNA
c)rRNA (RNA part of the ribosome)
d)RNA parts of the spliceosome
e)They must all be encoded in DNA
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 3 - According to the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma...Ch. 3 - After the DNA molecule has replicated itself, the...Ch. 3 - Nerve and skeletal muscle cells in the adult,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RACh. 3 - The phase of mitosis in which the chromatids...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RACh. 3 - Which of these statements about RNA is true?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8RACh. 3 - Prob. 9RACh. 3 - Prob. 10RA
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11RACh. 3 - Which of these statements about tRNA is true?...Ch. 3 - The step in protein synthesis during which tRNA,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14RACh. 3 - Prob. 15RACh. 3 - Prob. 16RACh. 3 - Give some specific examples that illustrate the...Ch. 3 - Describe the structure of nucleosomes, and explain...Ch. 3 - What is the genetic code, and how does it affect...Ch. 3 - Why may tRNA be considered the "interpreter" of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21RACh. 3 - Define the terms genome and proteome, and explain...Ch. 3 - Prob. 23RACh. 3 - Explain the functions of centrioles in nondividing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25RACh. 3 - Prob. 26RACh. 3 - Define apoptosis and explain the physiological...Ch. 3 - Describe what is meant by epigenetic inheritance,...Ch. 3 - Discuss the role of chromatin proteins in...Ch. 3 - Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31RACh. 3 - Antibiotics can have different mechanisms of...Ch. 3 - Explain how it is possible for the human proteome...Ch. 3 - Explain RNA interference RNAi by siRNA and miRNA...Ch. 3 - Describe the function and significance of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36RACh. 3 - Review figure 3.19 and answer the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 38RACh. 3 - Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.Ch. 3 - Describe the structure and function of cilia,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 3 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3aCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 3 - Describe the structure and functions of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3dCPCh. 3 - Describe the structure and function of ribosomes.Ch. 3 - Distinguish the two types of endoplasmic reticulum...Ch. 3 - Describe the appearance and composition of...Ch. 3 - Explain how RNA is produced within the nucleus...Ch. 3 - Explain how precursor mRNA is modified to produce...Ch. 3 - Explain how mRNA. rRNA, and tRNA function during...Ch. 3 - Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and...Ch. 3 - Describe post-translational changes and other...Ch. 3 - Draw a simple diagram of the semiconservative...Ch. 3 - Describe the cell cycle using the proper symbols...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 3 - List the phases of mitosis and briefly describe...Ch. 3 - Distinguish between mitosis and meiosis, describe...
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- Discuss the following statement: “from the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone, the complete amino acid sequence of a protein can be deduced by applying the genetic code. thus, protein biochemistry has become superfluous because there is nothing more that can be learned by studying the protein.”arrow_forwardWhich of the following, if any, cannot be genetically encoded in DNA? a)mRNA b)tRNA c)rRNA (RNA part of the ribosome) d)RNA parts of the spliceosomearrow_forwardDystrophin is a protein that forms part of a vital protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber cell to the extracellular matrix. This connection strengthens and shapes the muscle fibers. Dystrophin is coded by the DMD gene. This is one of the longest human genes known, covering 2,300,000 base pairs (0.08% of the human genome) It is located in chromosome 21. The immature mRNA is 2,100,000 bases long and takes 16 hours to transcribe. It contains 79 exons. The mature mRNA measures 14,000 and codes for a protein with 3,685 amino acids. Abnormal expression of dystrophin leads to severe symptoms like muscle weakness and fatigability, a disease that is called muscular dystrophy. Most patients with muscular dystrophy become wheelchair dependent early in life. Cardiac muscle is also affected which results typically in premature death (~ second or third decade of life). Several mutations in this gene have led to the production of low levels of dystrophin or of a defective,…arrow_forward
- You are interested in finding out the function of a particular gene in the mouse genome. You have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene, defined the portion that codes for its protein product, and searched the relevant database for similar sequences; however, neither the gene nor the encoded protein resembles anything previously described. What types of additional information about the gene and the encoded protein would you like to know in order to narrow down its function, and why?arrow_forwardHow many copies of each type of core histone would it take to wrap the entire human genome into nucleosomes? How has evolution solved the problem of producing such a large number of proteins in a relatively short period of time?arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about nucleosomes is false? a) The DNA double helix wraps around the nucleosome. b) The sequence of amino acid in a histone tail is altered during chromatin remodeling. c) A nucleosome is composed of 8 histone proteins; two copies of each type of histone. d) A large percent of the nucleosome is positively charged.arrow_forward
- Which of the following terms is used for the various forms of any one a) Autosomes b ) Codons c) Allelt e ) Homozygousarrow_forwardWhat is the proteome? Why is genomic information alone insufficient to characterize the proteome?arrow_forwardConsider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. This molecule is transcribed from a stretch of DNA in the nucleus. Each nucleobase on the DNA produces a matching nucleobase on this molecule. Every 3-base codon specifies an amino acid in a protein. What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts. Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma. x 5arrow_forward
- Why do humans have such a large number of nucleotides (3.2 billion base pairs) compared to the number of nucleotides in the Japanese pufferfish (with only 400 million base pairs)? the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of intron nucleotides in humans the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of euchromatin sequences in humans the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of intron sequences in humans the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of protein-coding genes in humans the difference is due primarily to a relative abundance of exon sequences in humansarrow_forwardUsing the figure below identify: What is the role of histones and nucleosomes? How the process of chromatin condensation is performed? What is a function of introns and exons? What is a role of mobile DNA elements? What is a meaning of simple-sequence DNA?arrow_forwardIf a human gene is found to contain five introns, the mature mRNA encoded by that gene would have how many exons? a) four exons b) five exons c) six exons d) there could be multiple mRNA that contain between one and six exonsarrow_forward
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