Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 3, Problem 36RA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The number of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) bases needed to code for the given protein.
Introduction:
mRNA is used as a mediator for carrying genetic information. It conveys genetic information from a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule to the cytosolic organelle, ribosomes. The mRNA is further used as a template for the formation of new proteins following the bases in it.
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Consider this short mRNA: 5’ – AUGGCAGUGCAA – 3’. Answer the following questions assuming the code is non-overlapping.
How many codons are represented in this oligonucleotide?
If the second G were changed to a C, what would be the resulting amino acid?
Give the initiation codon for protein synthesis. Name the amino acid it codes for?
Given the following mRNA sequence, write the peptide sequence that will result from protein translation. Please indicate the correct directionality.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 3 - According to the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma...Ch. 3 - After the DNA molecule has replicated itself, the...Ch. 3 - Nerve and skeletal muscle cells in the adult,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RACh. 3 - The phase of mitosis in which the chromatids...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RACh. 3 - Which of these statements about RNA is true?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8RACh. 3 - Prob. 9RACh. 3 - Prob. 10RA
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11RACh. 3 - Which of these statements about tRNA is true?...Ch. 3 - The step in protein synthesis during which tRNA,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14RACh. 3 - Prob. 15RACh. 3 - Prob. 16RACh. 3 - Give some specific examples that illustrate the...Ch. 3 - Describe the structure of nucleosomes, and explain...Ch. 3 - What is the genetic code, and how does it affect...Ch. 3 - Why may tRNA be considered the "interpreter" of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21RACh. 3 - Define the terms genome and proteome, and explain...Ch. 3 - Prob. 23RACh. 3 - Explain the functions of centrioles in nondividing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25RACh. 3 - Prob. 26RACh. 3 - Define apoptosis and explain the physiological...Ch. 3 - Describe what is meant by epigenetic inheritance,...Ch. 3 - Discuss the role of chromatin proteins in...Ch. 3 - Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31RACh. 3 - Antibiotics can have different mechanisms of...Ch. 3 - Explain how it is possible for the human proteome...Ch. 3 - Explain RNA interference RNAi by siRNA and miRNA...Ch. 3 - Describe the function and significance of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36RACh. 3 - Review figure 3.19 and answer the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 38RACh. 3 - Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.Ch. 3 - Describe the structure and function of cilia,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 3 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3aCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 3 - Describe the structure and functions of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3dCPCh. 3 - Describe the structure and function of ribosomes.Ch. 3 - Distinguish the two types of endoplasmic reticulum...Ch. 3 - Describe the appearance and composition of...Ch. 3 - Explain how RNA is produced within the nucleus...Ch. 3 - Explain how precursor mRNA is modified to produce...Ch. 3 - Explain how mRNA. rRNA, and tRNA function during...Ch. 3 - Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and...Ch. 3 - Describe post-translational changes and other...Ch. 3 - Draw a simple diagram of the semiconservative...Ch. 3 - Describe the cell cycle using the proper symbols...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 3 - List the phases of mitosis and briefly describe...Ch. 3 - Distinguish between mitosis and meiosis, describe...
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- Briefly describe the function of the following in protein synthesis. a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNAarrow_forwardRefer to the genetic code in Figure 15.10 to answer the following question Q. If a single transition occurs in a codon that specifies Leu, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence?arrow_forwardExplain the steps of RNA translation into protein. Mutations: The codon GGA encodes the amino acid glycine. Identify the type of mutation for each of the following changes (name both the type of mutation and what the new codon would produce): GGA to GGG GGA to UGA GGA to GAGA GGA to AGAarrow_forward
- Given the following mRNA sequence: 5-AUCCCGUAUGCCCGGGAGCUAGCCCAGC-3 a) Label the first condon, the stop codon, the untranslated regions and predict the amino acid sequence of the polypeptidarrow_forwardRefer to the genetic code table and the mRNA sequence below to complete this question: U C U G A U G G G C U U U... beginning with the start codon, which amino acids, in order, are coded for by this section of mRNA? A) Thr-Met- Gly B) Met-Gly-Phe C) Ser-Asp-Gly-Leu .arrow_forwardIf DNA codes for mRNA and mRNA codes for protein, then how can the same DNA sequence generate different proteins? What are the 3 tRNA sites on the small ribosomal subunit (just abbreviations)? What is the order of tRNA entrance and exit through the ribosome?arrow_forward
- Refer to the partial gene sequence of DNA nucleotide bases listed below, and the genetic code chart on the next page to answer the following questions. Partial gene sequence of DNA nucleotides: A C C T T A A T G A A C T C T 42. What is the mRNA nucleotide sequence that would result from transcription of the partial gene sequence of DNA nucleotides? 43. What is the protein amino acid sequence resulting from translation of the mRNA sequence from the previous question? 44. In the gene sequence of DNA nucleotides, guanine (G) is mistakenly replaced by adenine (A) during DNA replication. What type of mutation would this be considered based on how it occurred? ________ a) spontaneous b) gametic c) mutagenic d) carcinogenic 45. Consider the mutation from the previous question. If it occurred within a skin cell of the body, what type of mutation would this also be considered based on where it occurred? ________ a) gametic b) germline c) heritable d) somaticarrow_forwardAnalyze the following amino acid sequence and write down a potential mRNA sequence from which this sequence might have been translated. Use the codon table in your book to determine a possible mRNA sequence. Amino Acid Sequence 1: H3N+-Methionine-Valine-Histidine-Leucine-Threonine-Proline-Glutamic Acid-Glutamic Acid-COO- (a) Consider Amino Acid Sequence 2. How is Amino Acid Sequence 2 different from Amino Acid Sequence 1? Amino Acid Sequence 2: H3N+-Methionine-Valine-Histidine-Leucine-Threonine-Proline-Valine-Glutamic Acid-COO- (b) Write a potential mRNA sequence for Amino Acid sequence 2, using the same codons for any given amino acid if it is present in both sequences.arrow_forwardRefer to the genetic code in Figure 15.10 to answer the following question Q. If a single transversion occurs in a codon that specifies Phe, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence?arrow_forward
- What happens when one base pair of DNA is lost from the coding region of a gene because of mutation? First explain how this would affect the mRNA sequence, and second, explain how this would alter the amino acid of the protein that is encoded.arrow_forwardGive correct typing answer with explanation and conclusion When ONLY glucose and NO LACTOSE is available, is mRNA transcribed? YES OR NOarrow_forwardIf there are 64 possible codons in the genetic code and the amino acid is specified by each, as read in the 5’ to 3’ direction from the mRNA sequence, which ones are STOP codons?arrow_forward
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