Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 25.6, Problem 4TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The strategies which can be used for delivering E3 ligase enzyme into the host cell infected with Listeria monocytogens.
Introduction:
The ubiquitin ligase enzyme, also known as E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a protein involved in the ubiquitiylation of target proteins. It recruits an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that is loaded with ubiquitin and catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin to the protein substrate. It specifically links ubiquitin with the lysine residue of target protein through an isopeptide bond.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal anitbody for the prohylaxis of resporatory diseases caused by respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) Researches added palivizumab ( or anitbody 101F as positive control) to RSV prior to incubation with human cells.
Based on what you learned about palivizumab what does the data recorded below demonstrate about palivizumab mechanism of action?
Pathogens have a variety of traits that interact with a host and enable the pathogen to enter a host, adhere to host cells, gain access to nutrients, and escape detection or removal by the immune system. These traits are called virulence factors. The following enzymes and toxin can act as virulence factors and contribute to bacteria’s pathogenicity.
What are the specific actions of the following enzymes and toxin that make them virulence factors?
Coagulase
Kinase (such as staphylokinases and streptokinases)
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Cytotoxin
The pathway shown below is used by a fungus to create Arginine from a precursor starter molecule. A nonsense mutation occurs in the gene that encodes enzyme 2. This fungus is grown on media that only contains the precursor. Discuss the effects of this mutation on:(i) The function of Enzyme 2 (ii) The potential of the fungus to produce Ornithine
Chapter 25 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 2TQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3TQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 4TQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1TQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 2TQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3TQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 4TQ
Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 1TQCh. 25 - Prob. 1RQCh. 25 - Prob. 2RQCh. 25 - Prob. 3RQCh. 25 - Prob. 4RQCh. 25 - Prob. 5RQCh. 25 - Prob. 6RQCh. 25 - Prob. 7RQCh. 25 - Prob. 8RQCh. 25 - Prob. 9RQCh. 25 - Prob. 10RQCh. 25 - Prob. 11RQCh. 25 - Prob. 12RQCh. 25 - Prob. 13RQCh. 25 - Prob. 14RQCh. 25 - Prob. 15RQCh. 25 - Prob. 16RQCh. 25 - Prob. 17RQCh. 25 - Prob. 1TQCh. 25 - Prob. 2TQCh. 25 - Prob. 3TQCh. 25 - Prob. 4TQCh. 25 - Prob. 5TQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysıns are cell membrane disrupters that can rupture red blood cells. B) O Second mesengar pathway disrupters like cholera toxin produces a debilitating respiratory condition of the lungs. C) O Shiga toxin, tetanus toxin, and hemolysins are all types of exotoxins. D) O Superantigens elicit a hyperactive response by the immune system and can lead to shock. E) O None are false, A-D are all true statements.arrow_forwardMany antibiotics used in modern medicine are compounds made by fungi that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Describe the specific effect of the following antimicrobial drugs: (i) Tetracycline (ii) Puromycin (iii) Alpha-Amanitinarrow_forwardWhat cells inside our bodies would be affected if you ingested a suspension of T4 phage? Describe and explain the difference in results if Staphylococcus aureus were used instead of Escherichia coli.arrow_forward
- Malaria disease is characterized by cycles of symptoms that last 4-8 hours and have 3 stages; a 15-to-60 minute cold stage when you shiver and feel very cold, a 2-6 hour hot stage when your fever may reach as high as 41oC and finally, a 2-4 hour sweating stage during which your fever drops rapidly. These cycles are called paroxysms. Explain why they typically happen in malaria patients based on the pathogen life cyclearrow_forwardMany antibiotics used in modern medicine are compounds made by fungi that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Describe the specific effect of the following antimicrobial drugs: (i) Chloramphenicol (ii) Rifamycinarrow_forwardImagine a newly developed drug that is highly lethal against all stages in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. The drug has been found to be safe and effective both for human and for veterinary use. Although the drug can eliminate infection in both humans and cats, its use in humans will have vey little impact on overall prevalence of human toxoplasmosis. Its use in cats, alternatively, could, at least in theory, reduce prevalence in both humans and cats. Explain this difference.arrow_forward
- How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis gain access through that preferred portal of entry Explain how the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to evade innate human host defenses that prevent this from occurring. discuss specific components of your pathogen. (Examples may include capsules, cell wall components, exoenzymes, antigenic variation and penetration of the host cell cytoskeleton.)arrow_forwardBased on the mode of action of aflatoxin (Figure 16-16),propose a scenario that explains its response in the Amestest (Figure 16-18)arrow_forwardAn antiviral drug that is a guianine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that: a) blocks penetration b) blocks DNA replication c) inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking d) blocks maturation e) bonds to ergosterol in the cell membranearrow_forward
- Describe the function of the major virulence factors expressed by Listeria monocytogenes that are important in invasion and cell to cell spread. thank you!arrow_forwardIt was important for Lilly to understand how the bacteria were able to cause disease in patients. The mechanism of pathogenesis by M. tuberculosis starts in the lung alveoli. The cell wall of M. tuberculosis allows it to resist phagocytolysis by the alveolar macrophages, where they can multiply. They can then induce apoptosis in macrophages, which die, and the bacteria is free to infect other macrophages. As the cycle of infection slowly progresses, the body's response to the infection is to try to wall off the bacteria in granulomas (wall of immune cells, both dead and alive, surrounding the bacteria to restrict its spread). Eventually, the bacteria can escape the granuloma and infect other parts of the lung. Transmission of Mtb Initial infection and Granuloma cavitation replication of Mtb in macrophages and dissemination of Mtb in the lung Infected macrophages Caseating granuloma Recruitment of Innate and adaptive immune cells Infected cells undergo necrosis resulting in the…arrow_forwardIt was important for Lilly to understand how the bacteria were able to cause disease in patients. The mechanism of pathogenesis by M. tuberculosis starts in the lung alveoli. The cell wall of M. tuberculosis allows it to resist phagocytolysis by the alveolar macrophages, where they can multiply. They can then induce apoptosis in macrophages, which die, and the bacteria is free to infect other macrophages. As the cycle of infection slowly progresses, the body's response to the infection is to try to wall off the bacteria in granulomas (wall of immune cells, both dead and alive, surrounding the bacteria to restrict its spread). Eventually, the bacteria can escape the granuloma and infect other parts of the lung. Transmission of Mtb Initial infection and Granuloma cavitationy replication of Mtb in macrophages and dissemination of Mtb in the lung Infected macrophages Caseating granuloma Recruitment of Innate and adaptive immune cells Infected cells undergo necrosis resulting in the…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Mechanisms of Pathogenicity: Microbiology; Author: Dr. Frank O'Neill GrowGrayMatter;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDyl0JNCeho;License: CC-BY