How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis gain access through that preferred portal of entry Explain how the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to evade innate human host defenses that prevent this from occurring. discuss specific components of your pathogen. (Examples may include capsules, cell wall components, exoenzymes, antigenic variation and penetration of the host cell cytoskeleton.)

Q: All of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT:   1.…

A: Correct answer is.. None of the other four answers (all are examples of how pathogens penetrate host…

Q: hat are the mitigating measures to prevent the escalation of the black Sigatoka disease? Explain.

A: A disease is a condition in which an organism's physiological functions are dysfunctional (either a…

Q: Why does Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct macrophages to engulf them?

A: Tuberculosis (TB) is an opportunistic infectious disease caused by the bacteria "Mycobacterium…

Q: Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis produce an exotoxin or endotoxin Discuss how this affects the host.…

A: This question is based on the mycobacterium tuberculosis and the difference between endotoxin and…

Q: A 19-year-old woman presented because of the recent onset of breakthrough bleeding. She has been…

A: A cervical infection refers to an infection that affects the cervix, which is the lower part of the…

Q: Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Discuss the interactions this microbe…

A: Chlamydia are gram negative obligate intracellular bacteria. As they lack peptidoglycan therefore…

Q: Why is it clinically important to distinguish S. pneumoniae from otherα-hemolytic streptococci?

A: S. pneumoniae:        Streptococus pneumonia (pneumococcus) is a gram positive bacteria, which is…

Q: Pseudomonas is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, sometimes inhabits the intestinal tract, and…

A: Gram negative bacteria are those bacteria which does not retain the crystal violet stain used in the…

Q: How does the Capsule produced by S. pneumoniae allow them to have deep lung tissue invasion, also…

A: Streptococcus pneumoniae It is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria. It is a facultative anaerobic…

Q: Mycobacteria tuberculosis and Rickettsia

A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic that bacteria from the family Mycobacteriaceae and the…

Q: Why do mycoplasmas need to have stronger cytoplasmicmembranes than other bacteria?

A: Mycoplasma belongs to the genus of bacteria that lacks a property of cell wall around that surround…

Q: What are the most likely type and mechanism of the urticarial hypersensitivity reaction? What are…

A: Immunologic contact urticaria occurs secondary to interaction with an allergen due to IgE antibody…

Q: A common characteristic of a site of infection, such as a pimple on the skin, is pus. What is…

A: The immune system plays an important role in the human body. It is involved in fighting the…

Q: The most common causes of bacterial meningitis can be the result of infection by three very…

A: Brain and spinal cord covered by membranous meninges. The fluid inside the meninges got viral and…

Q: why is chickenpox significant in the field of microbiology, supporting response with real-world

A: Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) which belongs to the family of herpes…

Q: In what ways is the organism Streptococcus pyogenes different from Staphylococcus aureus?

A: Streptococcus is a gram positive coccus . They are spherical in shape.

Q: Imagine a newly developed drug that is highly lethal against all stages in the life cycle of…

A: Step1- Toxoplasma gondii an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan eukaryote (specifically an…

Q: in order for a bacterial pathogen to colonise a host epithelial cell surface, which set of potential…

A: Introduction   Microorganisms develop or secrete some factors that can evoke pathogenicity in the…

Q: What would cause a local infection to spread into a pandemic so rapidly?

A: A pandemic is a global epidemic. An epidemic is when an infectious disease is widespread in a…

Q: Why are gram-positive bacteria typically more resistant than gram-negative bacteria to…

A: Bacteria are found everywhere. They can survive almost every where including bottom of oceans, our…

Q: What is the causative agent of Lyme disease and how is it transmitted to humans? What preventative…

A: Lyme disease comes under the category of infectious diseases and is caused by the bacteria Borrelia…

Q: Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause disease in immunocompromised people. What are two characteristics -…

A: P.aeruginosa is a rod shaped,gramnegative mono flagellated bacterium.It is an opportunistic pathogen…

Q: All of the following are methods intracellular pathogens can use to survive inside a host cell…

A: Pathogens are the organisms which upon entering in to the  host causes infectious diseases.…

Q: Why are there so many deaths from influenza when it is generally a mild disease?

A: Influenza or more commonly known as flu is caused mostly by the Influenza A virus. The symptoms of…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…

A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…

Q: Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering…

A: The term microbiome covers a whole range of micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi,…

Q: What are some mechanisms that V. cholerae escapes from its own eradication should the disease prove…

A: *V cholerae is a comma-shaped bacteria *Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio…

Q: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with…

A: Bacteria acquire drug resistance and spread within their population. Drug resistance in bacteria…

Q: List and explain four distinct mechanisms of innate immune responses for eliminating Gram (-)…

A: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, including bacteria. It is a…

Q: Show a diagram showing the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on a cellular level

A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that leads to tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness.…

Q: How is host cell lysis triggered after bacteriophage invasion? What are the outcomes to bacterial…

A: Bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates bacteria and archaea. Bacteriophage comprises…

Q: Coagulase is aknown factor in the ability of S. aureus to cause infection. However,…

A: Coagulase is an enzyme produced by some microbes that activates fibrinogen which result in blood…

Q: What are the the host immune defenses that the Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae,…

A: Immune system has a defense mechanism against microbial infection which has to be overcome by the…

Q: What makes bacterial diseases such as Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens & Clostridium…

A: 1.Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, rod-shaped spore forming bacterium that produces a protein…

Q: Which of the following pathogens mimic the host bilayer for transmission through the plasma membrane…

A: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram positive bacteria which is spherical in shape and it is a…