The structures of the two different γ − lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined. Concept introduction: 舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 舧 HNO 3 is an oxidizing agent. 舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO 3 to give aldaric acid as a product. 舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO 3 and their general reaction can be represented as: 舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group ( − O C O ) as part of their ring structures are called lactones . They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization . They mainly exist as λ and δ forms. 舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as: 舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the two different γ−lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

舧 HNO3 is an oxidizing agent.

舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO3 to give aldaric acid as a product.

舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO3 and their general reaction can be represented as:

舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group (−OCO) as part of their ring structures are called lactones. They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization. They mainly exist as λ and δ forms.

舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as:

舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the two different γ−lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

舧 HNO3 is an oxidizing agent.

舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO3 to give aldaric acid as a product.

舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO3 and their general reaction can be represented as:

舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group (−OCO) as part of their ring structures are called lactones. They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization. They mainly exist as λ and δ forms.

舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as:

舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the two different γ−lactones produced by lactonization of D-glucaric acid are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

舧 HNO3 is an oxidizing agent.

舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by HNO3 to give aldaric acid as a product.

舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute HNO3 and their general reaction can be represented as:

舧 Biomolecules containing an ester group (−OCO) as part of their ring structures are called lactones. They are derived from their respective hydroxycarboxylic acids. Formation of lactones is called lactonization. They mainly exist as λ and δ forms.

舧 Aldaric acids (obtained from oxidation of aldohexoses) produces lactones of the same order that is as:

舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 22, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction