Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21.1, Problem 21.1KCP
In a cell, glucose can be oxidized via
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Indicate whether each of the following is a true or false
statement regarding ATP.
in cellular respiration, the most ATP is
made by the Krebs cycle
ATP is commonly used by cells to
lower the amount of energy needed
for reactions to occur
the energy from anabolic reactions
can be used to make ATP
some ATP is required to break down
glucose into pyruvic acid
a phosphate group is added to ADP to
make ATP
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The break down of sugar occurs in biological cells. It goes
through multiple stages to produce energy that cells use.
One series of reactions during this process is call the
citrus acid cycle. Discuss how you could either speed up
or slow down the degradation of glucose through the
citrus acid cycle? (Hint: look at the citrus acid cycle and
choose one step)
a) Explain how in oxygenated tissue your cells use your MITOCHONDRIA to produce energy: DESCRIBE the processes occurring in your MITOCHONDRIA (intermediate stage, Krebs, and ETC), Make sure to mention where those processes occur.b) How many ATP per glucose are formed in your mitochondria? Where are they formed?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - In a cell, glucose can be oxidized via metabolic...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2KCPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.1CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.3CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.4CIAPCh. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5CIAP
Ch. 21.4 - How does a cell disarm each of the ROS in CIA...Ch. 21.5 - One of the steps in lipid metabolism is the...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.8CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.9CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.10CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.8PCh. 21.6 - Prob. 21.9PCh. 21.6 - Prob. 21.10PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.11PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.13PCh. 21.7 - Identify the participants in the citric acid cycle...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 21.15PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.16KCPCh. 21.8 - Within the mitochondrion, is the pH higher in the...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 21.18PCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.19KCPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.11CIAPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.12CIAPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.13CIAPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.20UKCCh. 21 - Each of these reactions is involved in one of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.22UKCCh. 21 - Prob. 21.23UKCCh. 21 - The reaction that follows is catalyzed by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25UKCCh. 21 - The electron-transport chain uses several...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.27APCh. 21 - What is the difference between an endergonic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.29APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.30APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.31APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.32APCh. 21 - Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes,...Ch. 21 - Label each of the following as a characteristic of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.35APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.36APCh. 21 - Describe in general terms the structural makeup of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.38APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.39APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.40APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.41APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.43APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.44APCh. 21 - What does it mean when we say that two reactions...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.46APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.47APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.48APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.49APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.50APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.51APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.52APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.53APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.54APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.55APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.56APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.57APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.58APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.59APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.60APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.61APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.62APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.63APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.64APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.65APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.66APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68APCh. 21 - What does the term oxidative phosphorylation mean?...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.70APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.71APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.72APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.73APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.75APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.76APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.77CPCh. 21 - Fumarate produced in step 6 of the citric acid...Ch. 21 - With what class of enzymes are the coenzymes NAD+...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.80CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.81CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.82CPCh. 21 - The mitochondrion pumps H+ from the matrix into...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.84CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.85CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.86CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.87GPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.88GPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.89GP
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- How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose to CO2 and H2O yields 686 kcal of free energy and the useful chemical energy available in the high- energy phosphate bond of 1 mole of ATP is 12 kcal?arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond of ATP releases a large amount of free energy. True or false?arrow_forwardAn animal cell, roughly cubical in shape with side length of 10 μm, uses 109 ATP molecules every minute. assume that the cell replaces this ATP by the oxidation of glucose according to the overall reaction 6O2 + C6H12O6 →6CO2 + 6H2O and that complete oxidation of each glucose molecule produces 30 ATP molecules. how much oxygen does the cell consume every minute? How long will it take before the cell has used up an amount of oxygen gas equal to its own volume?arrow_forward
- Using the following diagram, a. name all the steps in citric acid cycle. (What are the intermediates) b. Is glycolysis endothermic or exothermic. Thanksarrow_forwardThe energy for the production of ATP comes from the breakdown of a glucose molecule via many enzyme-mediated chemical reactions occurring at several distinct stages of cellular respiration. During this time, the chemical energy stored in glucose is continually trans- ferred across these reactions. Which of the following describes the form in which most of the energy from the glucose molecule is stored just before the oxidative phosphorylation stage in aerobic cellular respiration? A B с D acetyl CoA FADH 2 NADH pyruvatearrow_forwardThe ΔG of the following reaction is –2.8 kcal/mol: acetyl phosphate + ADP ↔ acetate + ATP Is ADP greater than, lesser than, or equal to acetate in its affinity for phosphate? If there were no fermentation when molecular oxygen is unavailable (anaerobic respiration), how would this affect glycolysis? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forward
- If the cells of your body oxidize 1 mole of glucose, by how much would the temperature of your body (assume that your body consists of 75 kg of water) increase if the heat were not dissipated into the environment?arrow_forwardIn hepatocytes, the enzyme glucokinase catalyzes the ATP-coupled phosphorylation of glucose. Glucokinase binds both ATP and glucose, forming a glucose-ATP-enzyme complex. The enzyme then transfers the phosphoryl group directly from ATP to glucose. Select the advantages of phosphoryl group transfer compared to hydrolysis and subsequent phosphorylation? ATP hydrolysis is thermodynamically unfavorable compared to group transfer. Glucokinase increases the transition state energy, favoring glucose phosphorylation. The process takes advantage of the high phosphoryl group transfer potential of ATP. Reaction intermediates do not need to be present in excess. Incorrectarrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following processes would be expected to involve the conversion of ATP to ADP or the conversion of ADP to ATP. a) Heart muscle contraction b) transport of nutrients to various locations in the bodyarrow_forward
- A reaction involving the oxidiation of hydrocarbon in a car engine or glucose in glycolysis in an animal is responsible for the energy required for quick movements. What are the differences between these two reactions?arrow_forwardGlycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, whereas fatty acid degradation takes place in mitochondria. What metabolic pathways depend on the interplay of reactions that take place in both compartments?arrow_forwardConsider a cell with ATP synthase deficiency (Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respiration components). In these cells/tissues, determine the following from the catabolism of the 2.5 moles of the disaccharide lactose (will be hydrolyzed first to yield glucose and galactose). Net ATP from glycolysis ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable) ATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable) Total net ATParrow_forward
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