Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 21.69AP
What does the term “oxidative phosphorylation” mean? What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Are these processes the same? Explain.
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What does the term “oxidative phosphorylation” mean? What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Are these processes the same? Explain.
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In Bacillus subtilis, threonine is metabolized by the following sequence of reactions: (a) oxidation; (b) decarboxylation;(c) transamination; and (d) oxidation to produce pyruvate. Outline this sequence of steps, show the structures of thesubstances, use abbreviations for the cofactors, and show any enzyme-bound coenzymes.
What type of enzyme bound intermediate is likely for reaction (d)?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - In a cell, glucose can be oxidized via metabolic...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2KCPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.1CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.3CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.4CIAPCh. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5CIAP
Ch. 21.4 - How does a cell disarm each of the ROS in CIA...Ch. 21.5 - One of the steps in lipid metabolism is the...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.8CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.9CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.10CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.8PCh. 21.6 - Prob. 21.9PCh. 21.6 - Prob. 21.10PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.11PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.13PCh. 21.7 - Identify the participants in the citric acid cycle...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 21.15PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.16KCPCh. 21.8 - Within the mitochondrion, is the pH higher in the...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 21.18PCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.19KCPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.11CIAPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.12CIAPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.13CIAPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.20UKCCh. 21 - Each of these reactions is involved in one of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.22UKCCh. 21 - Prob. 21.23UKCCh. 21 - The reaction that follows is catalyzed by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25UKCCh. 21 - The electron-transport chain uses several...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.27APCh. 21 - What is the difference between an endergonic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.29APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.30APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.31APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.32APCh. 21 - Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes,...Ch. 21 - Label each of the following as a characteristic of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.35APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.36APCh. 21 - Describe in general terms the structural makeup of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.38APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.39APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.40APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.41APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.43APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.44APCh. 21 - What does it mean when we say that two reactions...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.46APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.47APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.48APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.49APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.50APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.51APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.52APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.53APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.54APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.55APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.56APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.57APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.58APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.59APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.60APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.61APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.62APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.63APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.64APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.65APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.66APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68APCh. 21 - What does the term oxidative phosphorylation mean?...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.70APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.71APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.72APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.73APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.75APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.76APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.77CPCh. 21 - Fumarate produced in step 6 of the citric acid...Ch. 21 - With what class of enzymes are the coenzymes NAD+...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.80CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.81CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.82CPCh. 21 - The mitochondrion pumps H+ from the matrix into...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.84CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.85CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.86CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.87GPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.88GPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.89GP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- this question is about 16 carbon fatty acid A) what are the end procuts of the eight cycles of beta oxidation of a 16 carbon fatty acid? B) assuming 2.5 ATP molecules are produced from one NADH, how many molecules of ATP are produced from the NADH produced during beta oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acidarrow_forwardWhy is the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) an important step in glycolysis? How is the isomerization of F6P back into G6P prevented?arrow_forwardThe following diagram shows reaction curves for aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) with carbamoylphosphate and different concentrations of aspartate, in the absence of ATP (curve 1) and presence of ATP (curve 2). What do the shapes of the curves tell us about the ATCase enzyme? 2 جر [aspartate] It binds substrate through a sequential mechanism. It binds substte cooperatively. It obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It binds substrate through a concerted mechanism.arrow_forward
- What is the general definition of an uncoupler protein? In the context of oxidative phosphorylation, what do uncoupler proteins do, and how do certain cells utilize them for the benefit of an organism?arrow_forwardWhat is unique about how acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is regulated compared to any enzyme in glycolysis? Some phospholipid species can be phosphorylated beyond the phosphate attached to the #3 carbon. Describe the likely structure of such a phospholipid. Would the mass / charge (m/z) ratio of this molecular increase or decrease upon modification? Mechanistically, how does NADPH facilitate the removal of an oxygen atom from intermediates in fatty acid synthesis? Will a phosphatidylcholine or a phosphatidylethanolamine have a larger mass / charge (m/z) ratio?arrow_forwardHow many protons are shuttled from the matrix to the intermembrane space by the products of the Kreb's Cycle as one molecule of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate are converted to one molecule of fumarate?arrow_forward
- The effect of ATP on the allosteric enzyme PFK-1 is shown below. For a given concentration of fructose 6-phosphate, the PFK-1 activity increases with increasing concentrations of ATP, but a point is reached beyond which increasing the concentration of ATP inhibits the enzyme. (a) Explain how ATP can be both a substrate and an inhibitor of PFK-1. How is the enzyme regulated by ATP? (b) In what ways is glycolysis regulated by ATP levels? (c) The inhibition of PFK-1 by ATP is diminished when the ADP concentration is high, as shown in the illustration. How can this observation be explained? *A graph is included for this question*arrow_forwardBriefly, how do substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation differ?arrow_forwardCan you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The pentose phosphate pathway provides a number of critical functions including ["production of ribose-5-phosphate", "production of NADH"] that is vital for ["synthesis of nucleotides and coenzymes", "oxidative phosphorylation"] . This pathway is divided into oxidative and non-oxidative steps. The latter steps ["are involved in the conversion of various sugar phopshates, so called ["carbon shuffle reactions"", "are directly involved in NADPH production"] . If ["NADP+", "NAD+"] levels are high, flux through the pentose phosphate pathway is promoted by allosteric regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. If reducing equivalents derived form the pentose phosphate pathway are high, glucose-6-phosphate is directed toward ["a phosphatase and then export from the cell", "glycolysis"] .arrow_forward
- how does oxidative phosphorylation differ from substrate-level phosphorylation?arrow_forwardWhat is the stoichiometry of the synthesis of (a) ribose 5-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate without the concomitant generation of NADPH? (b) NADPH from glucose 6- phosphate without the concomitant formation of pentose sugars?arrow_forwardConsider the typical beta oxidation of linoleic acid (C18:2 ^Δ9, 12): How many ATP are generated in complete oxidation of linoleic acid? How many NADH are generated in complete oxidation of linoleic acid? How many FADH2 are generated in complete oxidation of linoleic acid?arrow_forward
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