Hypovolemia and circulatory failure in DKA and HHNKS can be attributed to which factors? Question 75 options: Hyperinsulinemia and renal impairment Hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis Infection and counterregulatory hormones Metabolic acidosis and CNS depression
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Hypovolemia and circulatory failure in DKA and HHNKS can be attributed to which factors?
Question 75 options:
Hyperinsulinemia and renal impairment
Hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis
Infection and counterregulatory hormones
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Renin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?Question 1 of 4 Match the following concepts to its respective indications. Match each item to a choice: Green Urine Black Urine Red Urine Dark Yellow Urine Colorless Urine Indication of Antihypertensive Drugs Recent Fluid Consumption Presence of high amounts of Erythrocytes Choices: Nosocomial Infection Excessive intake of anti-diureticsA 65 years old patient had a major abdominal surgery a day ago. It is known that during surgery he had a few episodes with a significant decrease in blood pressure. It did require an additional administration of fluids intravenously. Currently this patient has a serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L and a serum osmolality is 250 mOsm/kg. He shows no evidence of dehydration. Describe the sequence of physiogical events that led to this abnormality and its possible consequences.
- A patient has essential hypertension, and with a healthy lifestyle and medication, he is able to maintain normal blood pressure on a single antihypertensive medication. The medication he takes is called an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, or ACE inhibitor, which blocks the activation of angiotensin II. Describe at least two mechanisms by which angiotensin II targets the kidneys to increase extracellular fluid volume and, therefore, increase blood pressure.Question 4 of 4 Match the following pathological indications of urine turbidity. Match each item to a choice: WBCS Presence of Male Gamete RBCs Fungal Infection Bacterial Infection Presence of Lipid Metabolism Presence of Epithelial cells Choices: Increased amount of urine crystals Spermaturia Presence of lymphocytes or lymph fluidD Question 18 Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure. O vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure. vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure. vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure. vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure. Question 19
- A deficiency in vasopressin can lead to which of the following? Group of answer choices euvolemic hypokalemia euvolemic hyponatremia diabetes insipidus primary hypothyroidism no references, just homework.QUESTION 21 Which of the following is not a biologic effect produced by angiotensin II? reduces antidiuretic hormone secretion stimulates sodium ion (Na*) reabsorption in the kidney vasoconstriction of systemic arterial blood vessels stimulates aldosterone secretionHypocalcemia will increase the permeability of membranes to sodium. Group of answer choices False True
- A 60-year-old woman with history of lung cancer is admitted for weakness and lethargy for 4 weeks. Her serum [Na*] is 120 mEq/L. She weighs 60 kg. Her serum osmolality is 250 mOsm/kg H2O with urine osmolality of 616 mOsm/kg H2O. The diagnosis of SIADH is made. What would be her serum [Na], if she receives 1 L of isotonic saline? A. 122 mEq/L B. 116 mEq/L C. 118 mEq/L D. 120 mEq/L E. 124 mEq/LBased on this chart, which way will sodium be pumped? Typical ionic concentrations Squid Giant Axon Frog Sartorius Muscle Intracellular Na+ K+ CI- Extracellular Na+ K+ CI- sodium is a equilibrium into the cell out of the cell 50 397 40 437 20 556 sodium cannot cross the membrane 13 138 3 110 2.5 90 Human Red Blood Cell 19 136 78 155 5 112My mother who is a type 2 diabetes mellitus patient is taking empagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, for the treatment of hyperglycaemia. Based on your knowledge on renal physiology, what is the mechanism of action of a SGLT2 inhibitor? [No pharmacology details needed ]
