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The effect of lossfunction mutations in genes;FLC, VIN3, and COLDAIR when, CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein 9) technology is applied to the winter annual strain of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering and vernalizationrequirement by the plant.
Introduction:
Vernalization is a phenomenon in which, certain plant species prior to flowering are exposed to cold weather conditions. After the exposure plants acquire the ability to flower when exposed to favorable conditions. This becomes mandatory for certain plant species as it is essential to induce flowering in winter-annuals but not summer-annuals. Vernalization occurs in the tips of the plants that is, apical meristem.
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Genetics: Analysis and Principles
- Explain the difference between gene modification and gene addition.Are the following examples of gene modification or gene addition?A. A mouse model to study cystic fibrosisB. Introduction of a pesticide-resistance gene into corn using theT-DNA vector of A. tumefaciensarrow_forwardYou identify an auxotroph that doesn't grow in normal medium, but does grow in medium supplemented with Q, indicating that it has a defect in one or more enzymes in this pathway. This auxotroph is also able to grow if you supplement the medium with D. Does this data support the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis? a yes, because only one enzyme is disrupted by the mutation b yes, because only one enzyme in the pathway is functional in the mutant strain c no, because multiple enzymes in the pathway could be functional in the mutant strain d no, because multiple enzymes could be disrupted by the mutationarrow_forwardAgrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium that infects a wide range of broad-leaved plants. During infection, a plasmid called Ti is transferred into the plant cells, where that plasmid DNA is integrated into the plant’s genome. Some of the genes encoded by this plasmid are expressed by host cell machinery in the plant cell. These gene products produce plant hormones which stimulate cell division in the infected cells, causing the development of a plant tumor which provides an environment for that bacterium to grow. You are studying a novel isolate of A. tumefaciens and want to determine which of the genes on the Ti plasmid are expressed in the bacterium, and which are expressed in the plant. You start by sequencing the Ti plasmid. a) Considering the DNA sequence of Ti, describe two specific genetic features that would help you to differentiate whether a given gene is likely expressed in the plant or bacterium. b) You collect plant tumor tissue, containing both bacterial and plant…arrow_forward
- a) How are mutations beneficial for plant breeding? Discuss with an example b) Explain in brief the technology that made us self-sufficient in food production.arrow_forwardYou are a developmental geneticist studying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis. You perform a mutagenesis screen to identify mutants in the photoperiod pathway. You conduct the screen and find two different plants that show the same mutant phenotype. You then use a complementation test. What is the predicted outcome of this test if both phenotypes are caused by mutations in separate genes? recover the wild type phenotype overexpress the gene O recover the mutant phenotypearrow_forwardWhat is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the production of transgenic plants? a. Genes from A. fume fociens are inserted into plant DNA to give the plant different traits. b. Transgenic plants have been given resistance to the pest A. tumefacaens. c. A. wmefaciens is used as a vector to move genes into plant cells. d. Plant genes are incorporated into the genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.arrow_forward
- Can you answer part a-c if its true or false a) the AP3 and PI show auto- and cross-regulatory interactions, as well as they form obligate heterodimers to carry out the B class gene function. Therefore, if there is no PI expression, AP3 expression alone is not sufficient for establishing the petal and stamen identities. b) Angiosperm is a group of plants whose seeds are borne within a mature ovary (fruit). c) The organ in different organisms under every variety of forms and functions due to evolutionary development from the same or a corresponding part in a common ancestor is homologous.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows RNA-Seq data (RED) for the D. melanogaster transformer (tra) gene obtained from both adult female and male fruit flies. The blue lines indicate the tra gene structure, with thicker lines indicating exons, and thin lines introns. The 5' end of the gene is on the left, and the 3' end of the gene is on the right. Based on these data, the most likely conclusion is: Males and females express identical isoforms of tra Males express more tra RNA than females The female isoform has fewer amino acids The female isoform has more amino acids The male and female isoforms have different 3'UTRsarrow_forwardYou are a developmental geneticist studying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis. You perform a mutagenesis screen to identify mutants in the photoperiod pathway. Given what you know about photoperiodism in Arabidopsis, what phenotype are you looking for and under what photoperiodic conditions would you perform the experiment? delayed flowering in long days delayed flowering in short days same flowering in short days early flowering in short days same flowering in long days early flowering in long daysarrow_forward
- Cyndi grows thousands of B. rapa plants from seed and carefully watches for any unusual plants that might be a new mutation. She has been watching a small seedling whose leaves continue to develop, but the stem is not elongating. The result is a cluster, or rosette, of leaves sitting just above the soil surface. After 15 days the plant is beginning to produce flowers but is still a rosette. Cyndi is encouraged and hypothesizes that rosetteis a recessive mutation. -Describe the first cross she should make and the predicted results. Because B. rapa is an annual plant, the one rosette individual dies. Cyndi would like to continue her study of this mutation, but all od the offspring from her original cross were normal. There are no more plants with the rosette mutation. -What can Cyndi do to continue her investigation of rosette? What would be the results of these "next steps"? -What results would you expect if Cyndi crosses her new generation of rosette plants with a known heterozygous…arrow_forwardResearchers have identified a gene (FR) responsible for watermelon resistance to infection by Dacus curcurbitae (a close relative of Drosophila melanogaster). They isolate RNA from resistant (FR+) and sensitive (fr-) watermelons and use a probe that will recognize both FR+ and fr- transcripts. They also isolate protein from resistant and sensitive watermelons and perform a Western blot using an antibody that can recognize the fr- and FR+ protein. Describe the results illustrated below and give a plausible molecular explanation for these observations.arrow_forwardcyndi grows thousands of b.rapa plants from seed and carefully watches for any unusual plants that might be a new mutation. she has been watching a small seedling whose leaves continue to develop, but the stem is not elongating. The result is a cluster, or rosette of leaves sitting just above the soil surface. After 15 days the plant is beginning to produce flowers but is still a rosette Cyndi is encouraged and hypothesizes that rosette is a recessive mutation. describe the first cross she should make and the predicted result.arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College