Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 7CONQ
Outline the molecular steps in the process of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). Which step plays a key role in choosing which of the X chromosomes will remain active and which will be inactivated?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Describe the molecular process of X-chromosome inactivation.This description should include the three phases of inactivationand the role of the Xic. Explain what happens to the X chromosomes during embryogenesis, in adult somatic cells, and duringoogenesis.
In X-chromosome inactivation, when is the choice made as to which X chromosome is inactivated? Does this choice occur in embryonic cells, in adult somatic cells, or both?
During X inactivation, all but one gene get silenced on one X chromosome. Why does one gene escape the inactivation?
A) That is the gene responsible for inactivating the others
B) Two copies of that gene are needed in females, so both are active
C) X inactivation is rarely complete, so occasionally one or two genes get activated by mistake
D) That is the gene that encodes the methyltransferase needed to methylate the genome.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 16.1 - Which of the following are examples of molecular...Ch. 16.1 - 2. An epigenetic modification to a specific gene...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 16.1 - Epigenetic changes may a. be programmed during...Ch. 16.2 - 1. For the Igf2 gene, where do de novo methylation...Ch. 16.2 - 2. For XCI to occur, where are the Xist and Tsix...Ch. 16.2 - 3. Which of the following possibilities could...Ch. 16.3 - 1. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 16.3 - The effects of paramutation may vary with regard...Ch. 16.4 - 1. When mice carrying theallele exhibit a darker...
Ch. 16.4 - 2. If the VIN3 gene had a loss-of-function...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 16 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 16 - List and briefly describe five types of molecular...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 16 - What is the key difference between cis and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 16 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 16 - 7. Outline the molecular steps in the process of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 16 - 9. In general, explain how epigenetic...Ch. 16 - 10. What are the contrasting roles of trithorax...Ch. 16 - Describe the molecular steps by which polycomb...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 16 - Using coat color in mice and the development of...Ch. 16 - How can environmental agents that do not cause...Ch. 16 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 16 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 16 - Explain how the VIN3/PRC2 complex specifically...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1EQCh. 16 - In the experiments described in Figure 16.8,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3EQCh. 16 - A research study indicated that an agent in...Ch. 16 - Lets suppose you were interested in developing...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6EQCh. 16 - Prob. 7EQCh. 16 - 2. Discuss the similarities and differences of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed. Select the two mechanisms. Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed.Select the two mechanisms. 1) alterations in chromatin structure 2) a gain-of-function alteration 3)modification of proto-oncogenes products 4)mutations that result in an abnormal protein product 5)mutations within gene-regulatory regionsarrow_forwardOutline the process of X-chromosome inactivation.arrow_forwardThe oncogenic protein BETA promotes entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of BETA at the amino acid Tyr98 causes BETA to be degraded by the proteasome, thus limiting its abundance. A mutation in the codon encoding Tyr98 changes this residue to Cys, which cannot be phosphorylated. What is the best description of this mutant allele?a) antimorphb) hypermorphc) hypomorphd) amorphe) neomorpharrow_forward
- describe X-chromosome reactivation.arrow_forwardIn the Fast Forward Box Visualizing X Chromosome Inactivation in Transgenic Mice, suppose the investigators had looked at the expression of green and red fluorescent protein in early mouse embryos, when the embryos have fewer than 500 cells. What patterns would they likely have observed?arrow_forwardIn X chromosome inactivation... A-Why it is inactivated? B- How it is inactivated? C-Is the inactivation complete? D-Is it possible to observe any consequences for this inactivation?arrow_forward
- What makes X inactivation an epigenetic phenotype?arrow_forwardIn addition, when ARF is artificially expressed in normal cells, a rapid increase in p53 levels is observed. Studies have demonstrated that ARF, when expressed, is associated with Mdm2. When associated, the two proteins display a particular pattern of localization restricted to the nucleolus. Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.arrow_forwardWhat role does reverse transcription play in chromosomal maintenance? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forward
- Acquired mutation in the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration found in human cancer (> 50% of all cancers). A germline mutation in p53 is the causative lesion of Li- Fraumeni familial cancer syndrome. In many tumors, one p53 allele on chromosome 17p is deleted and the other is mutated. What type of protein is encoded by the p53 gene? (A) Caspase (B) DNA repair enzyme (C) Membrane cell adhesion molecule (D) Serine phosphatase (E) Telomerase (F) Transcription factor (G) Tyrosine kinasearrow_forwardMembers of a family are affected by a hereditary inflammatory and immunodeficiency disease. The disease phenotype was due to a mutation in the PLCG2 gene, determined by comparing an affected father and an affected daughter, both heterozygotes, with the homozygous unaffected mother (Zhou et al, 2012). The wild-type protein acts to regulate various immune and inflammatory pathways within the cell. The variant protein is over expressed (more abundant), leading to increased intracellular signaling and leading to increased inflammation and reduced immunity in the affected people. Select all the statements below that can be correctly applied to this system. [Hint: There are FOUR.] O co-dominance dominant negative mutant allele O gain-of-function mutation O haplosufficent wildtype allele O haploinsuffient wildtype allele O leaky mutant allele O loss-of-function mutation O null mutant allele O partial dominance O simple dominance O the mutant allele is hypermorphic O the mutant allele is…arrow_forwardIn a few sentences, describe how p53 guards the genome. Include at least two specific ways that p53 guards the genome. In a few more sentences, describe the structure and function of the p53 protein. Structure: what domains are present in the p53 protein? Do p53 work as a single protein or as part of a complex? Function: what do the different domains do? How can p53 do so many different things?arrow_forward
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